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Immunology. 8. Antigen Presenting Cells and Antigen Prosessing Cells. > APC's. > Flashcards

APC's. Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of APC’s?

A

To acquire and present exogenous antigens to CD-4+ T helper cells.

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2
Q

What are the 3 3 types of professional APC?

A

Dendtritic cells.

Macrophages.

B cells.

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3
Q

Will an infected cell that presents an antigen presents an antigen to the immune system be considered to be an APC?

A

No.

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4
Q

What can all antigen presenting cells present antigens to?

A

An MHC-2.

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5
Q

What is the only APC whose entire role is antigen presentation?

A

Dendritic cells.

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6
Q

What is the best APC?

A

Dendritic cells.

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7
Q

What 3 tissues are dendritic cells not found in?

A

The brain.

The testes.

Some parts of the eye.

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8
Q

What cells are responsible for antigen presentation in the brain, the testes and some parts of the eye?

A

Macrophages.

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9
Q

What is the main role of B cell?

A

To make antibodies.

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10
Q

What receptor is found on a B cell?

A

A B cell receptor which binds to antigens.

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11
Q

What molecule is expressed on the cell surface of APC presenting cells?

A

MHC-2 molecules.

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12
Q

What cells express a very high amount of MHC-2 molecules on their cell surface?

A

Dendritic cells.

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13
Q

What cells express the highest amount of MHC-2 molecules?

A

Dendritic cells.

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14
Q

Can macrophages present any antigen?

A

No, they must be stimulated before they can present antigens.

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15
Q

What is the only cell that macrophages can present antigens to?

A

Sensitised T helper cells which are T cells that have seen antigens before.

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16
Q

What 2 cell types can dendritic cells present antigens to?

A

Naive T cells.

Sensitised T cells.

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17
Q

Can T cells bind to any antigen?

A

No, the antigen must be bound to an MHC molecule.

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18
Q

What kind of antigens are presented by an APC?

A

Exogenous antigens.

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19
Q

What are the 3 things that can bind to an epitope?

A

A TCR from a CD4 or CD8+ T cell.

A BCR.

An antibody.

20
Q

What is the best antigen presenting cell?

A

A dendritic cell as they are the only full time antigen presenters.

21
Q

What are the only APC’s that can stimulate a naive T cell?

A

Dendritic cells.

22
Q

What happens once an antigen has been presented to a naive T cell?

A

It becomes a sensitised helper T cell.

23
Q

How do immature dendritic cells become mature?

A

They sample their environment and capture antigens to become mature.

24
Q

Where are mature dendritic cells found?

A

In the lymph tissue.

25
Q

What do dendritic cells present antigens to?

A

Naive T cells.

26
Q

Where are dendritic cells found in greatest numbers?

A

The lymph nodes, skin and mucosa.

27
Q

What is the only antigen presenting cell that can present antigens to naive T cells?

A

Dendritic cells.

28
Q

Why are dendritic cells essential for activating primary immune responses?

A

Because they are the only cells that can present antigens to naive T cells.

29
Q

Where are dendritic cells produced?

A

In the bone marrow.

30
Q

What do dendritic cell use to present antigens to helper T cells?

A

A MHC-2 molecule.

31
Q

What are the 3 major classes of dendritic cells?

A

Thymic dendritic cells.

Interdigitating dendritic cells.

Langerhans dendritic cells.

32
Q

What is the role of thymic dendritic cells?

A

They educate T cells to recognise self antigens.

33
Q

What happens to T cells that do not recognise self antigens?

A

They are killed.

34
Q

What are interdigitating dendritic cells?

A

Mature dendritic cells which interact with T cells in the lymph node.

35
Q

What are Langerhans dendritic cells?

A

Immature dendritic cells that are found in the skin.

36
Q

Are macrophages good APCs?

A

They are quite good, mainly because they must be activated before they can present antigens.

37
Q

What cells will macrophages present antigens to?

A

To specialised T helper cells.

38
Q

Macrophages are the only APC in what 3 tissues?

A

The brain, the testes and they eye.

39
Q

When will B cells make an antibody?

A

When they have received antigens.

40
Q

What receptor is found on B cells?

A

A B cell receptor (BCR) which is a membrane bound antibody.

41
Q

What antigens can a BCR bind to?

A

Any antigen, not just protein antigens.

42
Q

How do B cells acquire antigens?

A

By being specific for certain antigens.

This means that one B cell will have specificity for a particular antigen.

43
Q

How does a B cell acquire an antigen?

A

It uses its BCR to bind to an antigen.

It then ingests it and processes it.

It gives the peptide to an MHC-2 which can present it to a helper T cell.

44
Q

What happens when a B cells BCR binds to an antigen?

A

The B cell differentiates into an antibody secreting cell known as a plasma cell.

45
Q

What cells help a B cell differentiate into a plasma cell?

A

Helper T cells.

46
Q

What kind of antibodies are made by B cells?

A

Antibodies that mimic the antigen that is bound to the BCR.

Immunology. 8. Antigen Presenting Cells and Antigen Prosessing Cells. (3 decks)

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