Apartheid Overview Flashcards
List some of laws racial segregation laws that happened before apartheid came
Native Land Act
The Durban Land Alienation Ordinance
The industrial concilliation Act
Laws after apartheid came into power
The bantu authorities across
Immorality amendement act
The prohibiotan of mixed marriages
When was the freedom charter drawn up
June 1955
What was the freedom charter
It was a manifesto, for the aims of South Africa
Why were people arrested and what happened
They were arrested on June 27th 1955, as police surrounded them , people were arrested , documents were confiscated and the delegates were photographed
How long did the treason trials last
5 YRS but it was severely weakened as their leaders were in jail
What was the purpose of the freedom charter
It was, to make all lives quell, motivator for people to get through apartheid, to remove all the apartheid laws
What were the bantustans
They were homelands, for African people
What percentage of South Africa were these homeland
Only 13 percent and between 1976 and 81 4 homelands were declared independent, and 8 million South Africans lost their citizenship q
What were the condition in the bantustans
Over crowded
Bad soil quality
Few jobs
Kept afloat by massive subsidizes
Who ruled these homelands
The chiefs and they were cookout and little wealth trickled frown
Where did they find work
Many of them had to apply to become guest workers in south adrica, millions worked in Appanna un condions
When did sharpvile happen
It happened on march 21 1960
How many people were they in sharpville
5,000 but polic claimed 20,000
What contradicted police evidence
Police evidence claimed the crowd was hostile while this was untrue
Some police officers claimed the crowd had not difficulty
How many people died in sharpville
69 people
When did the Soweto apprisings happen
June 16th, 1976
What were the Soweto apprising
They were protesting against the introduction of Afrikaans as the infrastructure in schools
Why did they not want the Afrikaans, Soweto apprising
They did not want this as it seemed as the language of the oppressor, they had never learn it
And english was more globally prominence y
How and what happened when they protested, Soweto
They marched towards the Orlando stadium, polic confronted them leading to violence after a warning shot
What were the causalities of this
176 students died
DR Melville edelstein, a white doctor was killed by students
Who was hector piterston
He was a 13yr old who died and became a symbol of the uprising
What was the aftermath of the uprising
The protests turned into a war zone with ongoing violence throughout the day, hospitals struggled, violence subsided by the evening
What was the passive resistance campaign of 1946-48
It was a response to the smuts ad=siatic aland tenure bill for Indian s
What were the actions, during the passive resistance campaign
Indians pitched tents, in municipal area and may were arrested, it laid the ground work for African Indian coop
What was the defiance campaign of 1952
It was a peaceful protest by the anc, SAIC, and the colored peoples congress, it included failing to carry passes, violating curfew, entering locations and facilities for one
What were the consequences of defiance campaign
8000 volunteers jailed, increased penalties for the defiance
What was Nelson mandela, trials, and when did it happen
It happened between 9th October 1963 and 12 June 1964, it was called the Rivonia Trials.
What was Nelson Mandela convicted of
He was convicted of treason, lead to the imprisonment, sentenced to life
What does Nelson Mandela deny and what does he admit
. ANC has nothing to do with foreigners or communism
.He admitted to creating the spear of the national, (umkontwe)
What does Nelson Mandela sat inspired his fight against apartheid
How his ancestor fought in defense of the nation, tribes
What reason does Mandela give for forming Umkhonto we sizwe
He did this in result of the apartheid policies
Also, without sabotage the go ement t wouldn’t listen to the protest
When the government resorted to a show of force.
What does Mandela say wa the intention of the defiance capaign
To avoid violence based on passive resistance and defyin g apartheid laws
What was his role in the defiance campaign
He was in charge of volunteers and organis and train them
What does Mandela say were the consequences of the sharpville massacre
The consequences declared a state of emergency and the ANC was banned but it was operated in secured
Silencesd the people
How does Mandela justify moving away from a policy of peaceful protest to a more violent approach
Because all peaceful protests had failed and the government used to conquer the peaceful protests
Followers bring confidence which formed the PAC
Starting terrosim as people are restless
Who does Mandela blame for the escalation of violence in the anti-apartheid protests? Why?
The whites as they reported sabotages spoiled be punished by death, and it was close to a civil war
When was the PAC formed, and what was it
It was formed in April 1959, called the the pan African congress
