Apartheid

Question 1

Group Areas Act

Answer 1

1950: Govt. given power to proclaim area fit for occupation by one group and forcibly resettle other groups

Question 2

1950: Unlawful Organisations Act and Suppression of Communist Act

Answer 2

Designed to suppress the ANC:
Minister of Justice could restrict freedoms of anyone deemed to be a communist

Question 3

Bantustans

Answer 3

Bantu Authorities act (1951)
Ten Homelands created consisting of only 13% of South Africa

Question 4

Bantu Self Government Act 1959

Answer 4

Homelands established as independent governments that in theory would become independent

Question 5

Black Citizenship Act 1970

Answer 5

Cancelled all Black South African citizenship and and designated all Black South Africans as citizens of their homelands

Question 6

Sharpville Massacre

Answer 6

21st of March 1960
10 am crowd of 5000-10000 people marched to the police station
130 reinforcments armed with machine guns
Official casualty figures: 69 killed 186 injured

Question 7

Sharpeville impacts

Answer 7

ANC and PAC banned
Forced underground
Armed wings (Spear of the nation)
Britain and other commonwealth countries cut ties with South Africa

Question 8

Soweto uprising

Answer 8

16 June 1976
as many as 176 people died, wounded over 1000
Longest period of unrest in South Africa
14000 pupils fled to be recruited in MK and other armed groups

Question 9

Total Strategy

Answer 9

Limited reforms
1981 Native Labor act abolished legalising Black trade unions
1983 new constitution created a tricameral parliament that gave a white veto and excluded 75% of the population

Question 10

Internal threats to Apartheid

Answer 10

1983 UDF established led by archbishop Desmond Tutu
83-84 1 million signatures campaign petition for a new constitution

Question 11

Clark and Worger

Answer 11

“Triple the number of working days were lost in strike action in 1984 as compared with 1983, and there was a doubling again of days lost in 1985”

Question 12

Attacks by MK

Answer 12

Sabotage campaign

1983 Church street bombing
1986 Magoo’s Bar in Durban 3 civillians killed

Question 13

External Threats

Answer 13

23 nations had imposed sanction
1977 banning of all weapon sales to the South African government
SA banned from the Olympics and other international events
1989 inflation rate 15%

Question 14

26-29 April 1994 elections

Answer 14

ANC victory 252 seats

Question 15

Continued Segregation

Answer 15

14% of residents in Cape Town live in informal squatter settlements
10% of the populations owns 80% of the wealth
White South Africans own 72% of agricultural land
Corruption: funds for poor families stolen by politicians administering it
With the former president Jacob Zuma while president 2008-2018 dismantled anti corrupt police task forcers and prosecuted whistleblowers

Question 16

John Keegan and Andrew Wheatcraft

Answer 16

South Africa’s problem is a war one too many fronts… fighting on all fronts she is winning in none