Apartheid

Question 1

Years of Apartheid

Answer 1

legally 1948-1964
arguably 1948-1990

Question 2

What was Apartheid

Answer 2

System of extreme radical segregation
- polices were designed to promote the white supremacy, keeping all other races separate

Question 3

Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act

Answer 3

1949
- forbade white people from marrying non white people

Question 4

population registration act

Answer 4

1950
- classified all South African’s into race groups (white, colored, Indian, or African)

Question 5

Group Areas Act

Answer 5

1950
- deemed Africans to live in the countryside on townships
- townships allowed black people to commute to cities for jobs, but kept them living away from the city

Question 6

Pass Laws

Answer 6

1952
- required black people to always carry a 96 page pass with them, would send them to jail if they were not carrying them

Question 7

Reservation of separate amenities act

Answer 7

1953
- legalized the racial segregation of public premises, vehicles, and services. only public roads and streets were excluded from the act

Question 8

Bantu Education Act

Answer 8

1953
-Specified a separate school curriculum for African Children.
- Designed to prepare them to be manual laborers.
- poor quality of education

Question 9

Separate Universities Act

Answer 9

1959
- African students were forced to study at separate universities

Question 10

Section 10 of the Native Laws Amendment act

Answer 10

1952
- prevented africans from staying in an urban area for more than 72 hours unless it was their birth place or they worked there

Question 11

List of Protests (five most important)

Answer 11

1) Defiance Campaign (1952-1959)
2) Pretoria Women’s Protest (1956)
3) Sharpeville Burning of Passes (1960)
4) Johannesburg Bus Boycott’s (1957)
5) Response to Rivonia Trials, Rivonia Raid

Question 12

Promotion of Bantu Self Gov. Act

Answer 12

divided the African Populations into 8 distinct ethnic groups which were assigned a white commission general. gov. could now argue that black south africans were no longer their political responsibility

Question 13

Immorality Act

Answer 13

1950
- banned sexual relationships between whites and non whites

Question 14

Unlawful Organizations Act

Answer 14

1960
- allowed the apartheid gov. to outlaw organizations they deemed as threatening the public safety or public order
- banned the ANC and the PAC

Question 15

congress of the people

Answer 15

1955
- an alliance of anti-apartheid organizations/ movements which came together to:
1) form a single popular front in fight against apartheid
2) expand membership of ANC
3) Draft Freedom Charter
4) put into practice ANC’s strategies of working together with other parties and radical groups

Question 16

Rivonia Raids

Answer 16

• what caused the Rivonia Trials
• MK members living on a farm, conspiring against SA Government
• Gov. went to the farm and found documents saying that MK were planning to overthrow the government
• MK members were arrested which led to the Rivonia Trials of 1963

Question 17

Migrant Labor Laws

Answer 17

system of controlling African Workers
- system supported racial segregation of land because male migrants were employed by white people, yet still prohibited from living in white cities and towns
- conditions of reserves got worse because there were less people working within and caring for the reserves

Question 18

Sharpeville Massacure

Answer 18

protest in Sharpeville involving the burning of pass booklets outside of police stations.
- police fired into the crowd and killed dozens of protesters including children
- significant because it led the ANC to adopt armed struggle

Question 19

Defiance Campaign

Answer 19

First coordinated Protest against Apartheid (1952)
- nationwide and multiracial. organized by the ANC and South African Indian Congress
- nonviolent disobedience meant to gain global attention towards apartheid laws

Question 20

effects of defiance campaign

Answer 20

8300 people were arrested by the end of 1952, none of the targeted laws were repealed; gov. enacted criminal law amendment making longer jail time for protesters
-membership of ANC grew rapidly

Question 21

Verwoerd

Answer 21

Person who created the apartheid laws; assassinated on September 6th 1966

Question 22

ANC

Answer 22

African National Congress
- social democratic political party that was anti-apartheid
- formed by Albert Luthuli
- founded in 1912

Question 23

SACP

Answer 23

South African Communist Party (founded in 1917)
- had a strong influence on the ANC

Question 24

Forced Removals

Answer 24

Black South African’s were forced out of their land. Gov. owned the land and shared it with white people
- 3.5 million were forcibly removed

Question 25

Bantustans

Answer 25

Homeland system which had the idea to separate black and white people, gave black people the responsibility of running their own gov.
- Denied black people protection and any remaining rights a black person could have in South Africa

Question 26

Freedom Charter

Answer 26

document that discussed the COP’s goals, and its visualization for a just South Africa
- presented in 1955. SA’s gov. immediate response was to crackdown on activists

Question 27

Treason Trials

Answer 27

came right before the Rivonia trials
- writers of the freedom charter are put on trial since the gov. considered it an act of treason
- 1955-1961

Question 28

Rivonia Trials Overview

Answer 28

• Nelson Mandela and 10 other anti-apartheid activists were charged with sabotage and conspiracy
• all but one were found guilty of the charged, sentenced to life in prison and Mandela served the longest sentence

Question 29

MK

Answer 29

formed in 1961, wing of the ANC which was founded by Mandela
- mission: fight against the south african government with an armed struggle

Question 30

Alexandra Bus Boycott’s

Answer 30

1957
- African’s would walk for 12 weeks instead of paying for a bus fee to ride to their jobs/homes