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APA 1 > APA test 1 > Flashcards

APA test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three unpaired laryngeal cartilages

A
  1. thyroid
  2. cricoid
  3. epiglottis
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2
Q

what are the three paired cartilages

A
  1. arytenoid
  2. corniculate
  3. cuniform
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3
Q

what is the only complete ring of cartilage

A

the cricoid ring

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4
Q

what is the 3-3-2 rule

A

3- the minimal distance the mouth should open.
3- distance from the tip of the mandible to the laryngeal cartilage.
2- distance from the floor of the mouth to the prominence of the laryngeal cartilage.

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5
Q

lemon law

A 
L- look externally
E- evaluate the 3-3-2 rule
M- mallampati
O- obstruction/ obesity
N- neck mobility
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6
Q

thyro-mental distance

A

Measure from upper edge of thyroid cartilage to chin with the head fully extended.

A short thyromental distance = an anterior larynx

> 7 cm is usually = easy intubation

< 6 cm = difficult airway

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7
Q

mallampati classifications.

A

Class I: Soft palate, uvula, fauces, pillars visible.
Class II: Soft palate, major part of uvula, fauces visible. Class III: Soft palate, base of uvula visible.
Class IV: Only hard palate visible.

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8
Q

obstruction reasons are

A 
Blood
 Vomitus
 Teeth 
 Epiglottis
 Dentures
 Tumors
 Impacted Objects
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9
Q

neck mobility measurement

A

Measurement of Atlanto-Occipital Angle

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10
Q

is mask ventilation going to be difficult? BONES

A 
BONES”
Beard
Obesity
No teeth
Elderly
Snoring
LMA if needed, also after age 55 you loose upper airway elasticity.
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11
Q

is the laryngeal visualization going to be difficult? 4 D’s

A

Disproportion
Distortion
Dismobility
Dentition

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12
Q

what was the first educational anesthesia program

A

lakeside hospital, school of anesthesia Cleveland, Ohio 1915, founded by Agatha Hodgins

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13
Q

who founded the first anesthesia school and what year

A

Agatha Hodgins in 1915

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14
Q

who is known as the mother of anesthesia?

A

Alice McGaw

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15
Q

who was the first known nurse to specilize in anesthesia

A

sister mary bernard , saint vincents hospital, er PA, 1877

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16
Q

who founded the AANA and was the first president

A

Agatha Hodgins.

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17
Q

compressed gas cylinder chart

A

slide 12

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18
Q

what are the three types of anesthesia gas machine valves

A
  1. Free-floating valve
  2. Ball and Spring valve
  3. Diaphragm valve
19
Q

what do free-floating valves do? and where are they found

A

Moves in the direction or “push” of gas flow

Prevents gas from leaking out of the system

Found in DISS and dual hanger yoke systems

also called check valves.

20
Q

ball and spring valves where are they found

A

found at the oxygen flush system. delivers oxygen at 35-75 L/min pressurized at 40-50 psi from the wall. can cause barotrauma.

21
Q

what valve makes up the fail-safe system?

A

ball and spring valve. if oxygen failers it will shut off the other gases. It senses the 50 psi of pressure required.

22
Q

how many diaphragm valves are found on the anesthesia machine? and where at

A

There are only 2 of
these valves in the
machine

First stage regulator

Second stage regulator

23
Q

pts that are difficult to bag-mask?

A 
Seal: Beards, anatomy, NG tube
Obstruction
Obesity
Age > 55
Mallampati III-IV
No Teeth
Stiff lungs
Sleep apnea or snoring
24
Q

difficulty with intubation

A 
If it looks difficult it probably is
3-3-2
Mallampati
Obstruction
Obesity
Scarring, radiation, or masses
Mobility
Operator experience
25
Q

difficult with LMA

A

Restricted mouth opening
Obstruction
Distortion of airway- older pts
Stiff lungs

26
Q

what is an LMA

A

supraglottic airway.

27
Q

ASA difficult airway algorithm (DAA)

A

slide 43

28
Q

on the DAA after airway assessment what are the three possible options.

A
  1. Awake intubation
  2. Quick look- can get ketamine and versed to take a look or do awake intubated
  3. Induction and paralysis
29
Q

Pre-oxygenation: How Much Is Enough?

A

Two techniques common in use:
Tidal volume breathing (TVB) of oxygen for 3–5 min
Deep breaths (DB) 4 times within 0.5 min

 Both are equally effective in increasing arterial oxygen tension (Pao2).
30
Q

LMA size 5 fits what weight adults and cuff inflation volume.

A

adults 70-100 kg

40 ml volume max

31
Q

LMA size 4 fits what weight adults and cuff inflation volume.

A

50-70kg adult

30 ml max volume

32
Q

LMA size 3 fits what weight adults and cuff inflation volume.

A

children 30-50 kg

20 ml max volume

33
Q

LMA size 2 1/2 fits what weight adults and cuff inflation volume.

A

children 20-30kg

14 ml max volume

34
Q

LMA size 2 fits what weight adults and cuff inflation volume.

A

infants/ children 10-20kg

max volume is 10 ml

35
Q

LMA size 1 1/2 fits what weight adults and cuff inflation volume.

A

infants 5-10 kg

max volume is 7

36
Q

LMA size 1 fits what weight adults and cuff inflation volume.

A

neonates/ infants up to 5 kg

max ml is 4

37
Q

Class I

ASA

A

No organic, physiologic, biochemical or psychiatric disturbance
Healthy pt.

38
Q

Class II

ASA

A

Mild to moderate systemic disturbance
Heart disease that slightly limits physical activity, essential HTN, diabetes, chronic bronchitis, anemia, morbid obesity, age extremes

39
Q

Class III

ASA

A

Class III
Severe systemic disease that limits activity
Heart or chronic pulmonary disease that limits activity, poorly controlled essential hypertension, diabetes mellitus with vascular complications, angina pectoris, history of previous MI

40
Q

Class IV

ASA

A

Severe systemic disease that is constantly life threatening

CHF; persistent angina pectoris, advanced pulmonary, renal, or hepatic dysfunction

41
Q

Class V

ASA

A

Moribund patient, undergoing surgery as a resuscitative effort, despite a minimal chance for survival
Uncontrolled hemorrhage from a ruptured abdominal artery aneurysm, PE, head injury with increased ICP
EX. pt probably won’t make it.

42
Q

Class VI

ASA

A

Declared brain dead patient whose organs are being removed for donor purposes

43
Q

Emergency Operation (E)

A

Emergency surgery is required

Ex. Otherwise healthy 30 y/o female who needs D&C for moderate persistent hemorrhage is classified a ASA IE

APA 1 (1 decks)

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