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A And P 1 > ap2 quiz test > Flashcards

ap2 quiz test Flashcards

1
Q

Bradycardia is > 60 beats/min

A

False

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2
Q

tachycardia is defined as >100beats/min

A

True

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3
Q

Systemic circulation involves the right side of the heart

A

False

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4
Q

Blood is taken to the lungs from the left ventricle

A

False

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5
Q

The SA node is the peacemaker of the heart and is found in the left atrium

A

False

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6
Q

Endothelial cells make up the epicardium

A

False

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7
Q

The thickest layer of the heart is the myocardium

A

True

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8
Q

the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood

A

True

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9
Q

The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood

A

True

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10
Q

The right AV valve is also called the mitral valve

A

False

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11
Q

The left AV valve is also called the bicuspid valve

A

True

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12
Q

Normal heart rate is 70-80 beats/min

A

True

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13
Q

Gap junction keep cardiomyocytes from separating

A

False

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14
Q

At -60mV, sodium channels open rapidly

A

False

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15
Q

The RMP of the SA node os -60 volts

A

False

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16
Q

Sa node RMP is unstable

A

True

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17
Q

Sympathetic stimulation decreases diastolic depolarization

A

False

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18
Q

Potassium channels close at -60 mV

A

True

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19
Q

Pacemaker potential refers to slow depolarization

A

True

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20
Q

A cardiac cycle is ~8 seconds

A

False

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21
Q

The first line of defense is an adaptive response

A

False

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22
Q

The second line of defense is an adaptive response

A

False

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23
Q

the third line of defense is non-specific and lacks memory

A

False

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24
Q

The cell mediated response requires T cells

A

True

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25
Q

The antibody response is also called the humoral response

A

True

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26
Q

Lysozyme degrades bacterial cell walls

A

True

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27
Q

Lymphocytes are examples of phagocytes

A

False

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28
Q

Natural killer cells destroy bacteria-infected cells

A

False

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29
Q

natural killer cells destroys cancer cells

A

True

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30
Q

A phagolysosome consists of a phagocytic vesicle and lysosomal enzymes

A

True

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31
Q

Alveolar macrophages are found in the liver

A

False

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32
Q

Microglia are macrophages found in the central nervous system

A

True

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33
Q

Histamine is a potent vasoconstrictor

A

False

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34
Q

LPF stimulates the proliferation of leukocytes in the bone marrow

A

True

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35
Q

Heparin is an anticlotting agent

A

True

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36
Q

Interferons are produced primarily in response to bacterial infections

A

False

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37
Q

Lymphocytes produce gamma interferons

A

True

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38
Q

CRP is a non-specific clinical marker of the inflammatory response

A

True

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39
Q

The alternate pathway for activation of complement requires an antibody

A

False

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40
Q

Peptidoglycan is an example of a PAMP

A

True

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41
Q

Lysosomes degrade bacteria only

A

False

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42
Q

T-helper cells have CD8+ coreceptors

A

False

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43
Q

T-helper cells have CD8+ coreceptors

A

False

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44
Q

Cytotoxic T cells induce apoptosis

A

True

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45
Q

Immediate hypersensitivity involves T cells

A

False

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46
Q

Delayed hypersensitivity involved antibodies

A

False

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47
Q

A positive TB skin test is an example of immediate hypersensitivity

A

False

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48
Q

T-helper cells recognize antigens on MHC-II

A

True

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49
Q

Gamma interferons is produced by lymphocytes

A

True

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50
Q

IgA is also Known as secretary antibody

A

True

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51
Q

Interferons can activate macrophages and NK cells

A

True

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52
Q

Histamine is a bronchoconstrictor

A

True

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53
Q

Adaptive immunity is systemic

A

True

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54
Q

An epitope is an antibody determinant

A

False

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55
Q

One antigen can have many epitopes

A

True

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56
Q

IgG accounts for about 10% of gamma globulins

A

False

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57
Q

Anti-Rh antibody is an IgG-type antibody

A

True

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58
Q

IgM is a pentameric molecules

A

True

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59
Q

IgM can cross the placenta to cause erythroblastosis fetalis

A

False

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60
Q

Contact dermatitis is an example of delaying hypersensitivity

A

True

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61
Q

decrease in temperature increase O2 disassociation from hemoglobin

A

False

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62
Q

Increase H+ decreases O2 disassociation from hemoglobin

A

False

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63
Q

Increase in H+ shifts the O2 disassociation curve to the right

A

True

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64
Q

The least common, yet most dangerous lung cancer is small cell

A

True

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65
Q

BPG is a by product of anaerobic fermentation

A

True

66
Q

BPG enhances O2 disassociation from hemoglobin

A

True

67
Q

Elevated temperature increase BPG Levels

A

True

68
Q

An increased level of CO2 increases the pH of blood

A

False

69
Q

Normal blood pH is between pH 6.35 - 6.45

A

False

70
Q

Increased levels of CO2 lead to acidosis

A

True

71
Q

Increased levels of O2 lead to alkalosis

A

True

72
Q

Hyperventilation can lead to Acidosis

A

False

73
Q

Hypoventilation can lead to alkalosis

A

False

74
Q

Chemoreceptors detect changes in blood pressure

A

False

75
Q

Carotid bodies are chemoreceptors

A

True

76
Q

Aortic bodies are chemoreceptors

A

True

77
Q

Central chemoreceptors are found in the medulla

A

True

78
Q

Blueness of skin is called cyanosis

A

True

79
Q

Cyanide can lead to histotoxic hypoxia

A

True

80
Q

Pneumonia is caused by microbial infections

A

True

81
Q

The functional unit of the kidney is called a glomerulous

A

False

82
Q

A glomerulus is fed by an efferent arteriole

A

False

83
Q

A glomerulus is drained by an afferent arteriole

A

True

84
Q

The vasa recta branches off an efferent arteriole

A

True

85
Q

Average blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP) is 55 mmHg

A

True

86
Q

Average capsular pressure (CP) is 30mmHg

A

False

87
Q

Average Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is 15 mmHg

A

False

88
Q

Net filtration pressure is- 10 mmHg

A

False

89
Q

GFR is the glomerular filtration rate of one kidney

A

False

90
Q

If Kf is 20 ml/min,and NFP is Normal, then GFR=125 ml/min

A

False

91
Q

Aldosterone causes the kidneys to retain sodium

A

True

92
Q

Autoregulation is the same as intrinsic control

A

True

93
Q

Myogenic control is an intrinsic mechanism of control

A

True

94
Q

Macula densa cells detect low levels of NaCl

A

False

95
Q

Juxtaglomerular cells have phagocytic activity

A

False

96
Q

Macula densa cells are chemoreceptors and osmoreceptors

A

True

97
Q

A potential vasoconstrictor produced by macula densa cells is cAMP

A

False

98
Q

Renin is found in macula densa cells

A

False

99
Q

Juxtaglomerular cells are innervated by parasympathetic fibers

A

False

100
Q

Angiotensin II reduces blood pressure

A

False

101
Q

Human gametes have 46 Chromosomes

A

False

102
Q

Female liver cells have 22 pairs of chromosomes and XX

A

True

103
Q

Male gametes have 46 chromosomes and XY

A

False

104
Q

Female liver cells have 22 pairs of chromosomes and XY

A

False

105
Q

Eggs have 22 pairs of chromosomes and XX

A

False

106
Q

Sperm cells have 22 pairs of chromosomes and XY

A

False

107
Q

Gametes are diploid

A

False

108
Q

Sperm and eggs are produced by meiosis from 1N cells

A

False

109
Q

The paramesonephric duct degenerates in male embryos

A

True

110
Q

The mesonephric duct develops into female reproductive tract

A

False

111
Q

Sperm is produced in the epididymis

A

False

112
Q

Eggs are stored in the epididymis

A

False

113
Q

Sustantacular cells are also called Leydig cells

A

False

114
Q

Interstitial cells have receptors for LH

A

False

115
Q

Sustanticular cells have receptors for FSH

A

True

116
Q

Leydig cells have receptors for LH

A

True

117
Q

Cremaster muscle contract at high temperatures

A

False

118
Q

The Dartos muscle contract when exposed to “cold” temperatures

A

True

119
Q

Sperm is transported through the rete testes to epididymis

A

True

120
Q

The midpiece of the sperm cell contains mitochondria

A

True

121
Q

Gastroferritin is found in the stomach

A

True

122
Q

Ferritin is the inactive iron storage molecule

A

False

123
Q

Apoferritin transports iron to the liver

A

False

124
Q

The acidity of the stomach converts Fe2+ to Fe3+

A

False

125
Q

Normal Hematocrit from males is 42+/- 5%

A

False

126
Q

Transferrin transports Fe2+ in the blood stream

A

True

127
Q

Eosinophils increase in allergy and asthma

A

True

128
Q

Eosinophils can phagocytose worms

A

True

129
Q

Erythropoietin is required for WBC proliferation

A

False

130
Q

An RBC’s lifespan averages 220 days

A

False

131
Q

Specifically, bilirubin is a byproduct of globin breakdown

A

False

132
Q

Specifically, high biliverdin level result in jaundice

A

False

133
Q

Lactic acid is among the nitrogenous wastes

A

False

134
Q

Creatine is a waste product of cteatinine metabolism

A

False

135
Q

Urea is a waste product of amino acid metabolism

A

True

136
Q

Uric acid is waste product of urea metabolism

A

False

137
Q

Normal pH of blood is pH 6.35-6.45

A

False

138
Q

A hemoglobin concentration of 14 gm/dl is normal

A

True

139
Q

Intrinsic factor is required for Vitamin B6 absorption

A

False

140
Q

Basophils secrete histamine

A

True

141
Q

The critical factor controlling stroke volume is preload

A

True

142
Q

SV=EDV-ESV

A

True

143
Q

At homeostasis, SV=~120ml - 130 ml

A

False

144
Q

CO=HR x SV

A

True

145
Q

If heart is 60 bpm and CO = 3600 ml; SV= 60 ml

A

True

146
Q

EDV = amount of blood in ventricle during systole

A

False

147
Q

ESV = amount of blood in the ventricle after contraction

A

True

148
Q

SV = amount of blood pumped by heart per minute

A

True

149
Q

Preload = amount ventricles are stretched by contained blood

A

True

150
Q

Cardiac reserve = difference between resting and maximal CO

A

True

151
Q

Epinephrine is a negative inotropic agent

A

False

152
Q

Sympathetic fibers release the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine

A

False

153
Q

The heart exhibits vagal tone

A

True

154
Q

In dilated cardiomyopathy, atria stretch and become flabby

A

False

155
Q

Left side failure of the heart results from pulmonary edema

A

True

156
Q

Anastomosis is the merging of larger blood vessels

A

True

157
Q

The aorta is an example of a distributing artery

A

False

158
Q

Continuous capillaries make up the blood-brain barrier

A

True

159
Q

Fenestrated capillaries are found in the liver

A

True

160
Q

Sinusoid are found in bone marrow

A

True

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