AP1 Flashcards
What concept explains the existence of evil and suffering in relation to God?
The Inconsistent Triad
This philosophical concept argues that the coexistence of an all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-good God with evil and suffering is logically inconsistent.
What historical period emphasized reason and individualism over tradition in relation to faith?
Enlightenment
The Enlightenment period marked a shift in thinking that challenged traditional religious views and promoted scientific reasoning.
What significant events are central to the life of Jesus?
Birth, Death, Resurrection, Ascension
These events are foundational to Christian teachings and beliefs about Jesus as the Son of God and Savior.
What are the Christian beliefs about life after death?
Heaven, Hell, Resurrection
Christianity teaches that individuals face judgment after death, leading to eternal life in Heaven or damnation in Hell.
What is the conflict between science and religion often referred to as?
Science vs Religion
This conflict arises from differing explanations of the universe’s origins and the nature of existence.
What are opposing views regarding the creation of the world and humanity?
Creationism, Evolution
Creationism typically refers to the belief in a divine creation as described in religious texts, while evolution is a scientific theory explaining the development of life through natural processes.
What do miracles represent in the context of religious belief?
Divine intervention
Miracles are often seen as acts of God that defy natural laws, serving as signs of His presence and power.
What is the philosophical argument for the existence of God that asserts the necessity of a first cause?
The Cosmological Argument.
True or False: The Ontological Argument for God’s existence is based on the concept of God as the greatest conceivable being.
True.
Fill in the blank: The argument that suggests the design of the universe implies a designer is known as the __________ Argument.
Teleological.
What type of revelation is described as God’s communication through nature and the created order?
General Revelation.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of special revelation? A) Personal B) Historical C) Universal D) Specific
C) Universal.
What is the primary source of special revelation in Christianity?
The Bible.
True or False: Empirical evidence is the only basis for belief in God’s existence according to atheism.
True.
Fill in the blank: The philosophical stance that argues against the existence of God is known as __________.
Atheism.
What is the term for a belief that accepts the existence of God but denies that God is involved in the world?
Deism.
True or False: Revelation can only occur through religious texts.
False.
What argument suggests that the existence of evil is incompatible with an all-powerful, all-good God?
The Problem of Evil.
Fill in the blank: The belief that God has revealed Himself through specific events in history is known as __________ Revelation.
Special.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a form of general revelation? A) The Bible B) Nature C) Prophecies D) Miracles
A) The Bible B) Nature.
What is the main critique of the Cosmological Argument?
It does not necessarily mean that there has to be a designer for everything
True or False: The Teleological Argument relies heavily on the complexity and order found in the universe.
True.
What is the philosophical approach that insists on the importance of reason in understanding the existence of God?
Rationalism.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the view that God can be known through reason and observation rather than through faith alone.
Natural Theology.
What term is used for a person who is uncertain about the existence of God?
Agnostic.
True or False: The historical Jesus is considered a source of special revelation in Christian theology.
True.
Fill in the blank: The __________ Argument claims that the moral order of the universe points to a moral lawgiver.
Moral.
What concept refers to God’s self-disclosure to humanity?
Revelation.
What is the Design Argument?
The Design Argument posits that the complexity and order in the universe indicate the existence of a designer.
What is another name for the Design Argument?
Teleological Argument.
Which philosopher is most associated with the Design Argument?
William Paley.
What analogy did William Paley use to illustrate the Design Argument?
The watchmaker analogy.
What is the First Cause Argument?
The First Cause Argument states that everything that exists has a cause, and there must be an uncaused cause, which is God.
Who is a key proponent of the First Cause Argument?
Thomas Aquinas.
What is the principle of sufficient reason?
The principle that everything must have a reason or cause.
True or False: The First Cause Argument concludes that the universe is eternal.
False.
What is a miracle?
A miracle is an event that appears inexplicable by natural or scientific laws and is therefore attributed to a divine agency.
How do miracles relate to the arguments for God’s existence?
Miracles are often used as evidence for the existence of God.
What is the problem of evil?
The problem of evil questions how an all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-good God can allow evil and suffering to exist.
What is the Inconsistent Triad?
The Inconsistent Triad is the logical problem of evil that posits that God’s existence is inconsistent with the existence of evil.
List the three components of the Inconsistent Triad.
- God is omnipotent. 2. God is omnibenevolent. 3. Evil exists.
What is a common response to the problem of evil?
Free will defense.
What does the free will defense argue?
It argues that God gave humans free will, which allows for the existence of evil as a consequence of that freedom.
True or False: Science and religion are always in conflict.
False.
What is one way science supports the Design Argument?
By revealing the complexity and order of the universe through scientific discoveries.
What is natural theology?
Natural theology is the study of God based on observed facts and experience apart from revelation.
What is the Big Bang Theory?
The scientific theory that the universe originated from a singular point and has been expanding ever since.
How does the Big Bang Theory relate to the First Cause Argument?
It suggests a beginning to the universe, which aligns with the idea of a First Cause.
What is the problem of suffering in relation to miracles?
It raises questions about why God does not intervene with miracles to prevent suffering.
What is the difference between moral evil and natural evil?
Moral evil is caused by human actions, while natural evil is caused by natural events.
What is theodicy?
Theodicy is the justification of God’s goodness despite the existence of evil.
What is the significance of the concept of ‘soul-making’ in theodicy?
It suggests that suffering can lead to spiritual growth and development of virtues.
Fill in the blank: The __________ Argument asserts that the universe must have a first cause that is not contingent.
First Cause
What is an example of a miracle in religious texts?
The resurrection of Jesus Christ.
True or False: The Design Argument relies solely on faith.
False.
What is the significance of the Anthropic Principle in the Design Argument?
It suggests that the universe is finely tuned for the existence of life.
What is a counterargument to the Design Argument?
The existence of natural processes that can explain complexity without a designer.
What is the role of faith in understanding miracles?
Faith is often required to accept the occurrence of miracles as divine intervention.
What is the logical problem of evil?
It’s the argument that the existence of evil contradicts the existence of an omnipotent and benevolent God.
What is the evidential problem of evil?
It’s the argument that the amount and kinds of evil in the world provide evidence against God’s existence.
What is a common argument against the First Cause Argument?
The question of what caused God.
What is a common response to the Inconsistent Triad?
The concept of ‘greater good’ which suggests that some evils are necessary for a greater purpose.
What is the relationship between science and faith in the context of miracles?
Science explains natural laws, while faith allows for belief in supernatural events.
What is an example of a natural evil?
Natural disasters like earthquakes or floods.
What is the concept of ‘divine hiddenness’?
It’s the idea that God’s existence is not evident to everyone, leading some to doubt.
What is the main criticism of the Design Argument?
It relies on subjective interpretations of complexity and order.
What is the role of historical evidence in arguments for miracles?
Historical evidence can support claims of miraculous events in religious texts.
What is the significance of the ‘fine-tuning’ argument?
It suggests that the precise conditions for life indicate a designer.
What is the ‘problem of gratuitous evil’?
It questions why seemingly unnecessary suffering exists if God is benevolent.
Fill in the blank: The __________ Argument focuses on the existence of the universe as evidence for God.
Cosmological
What does the term ‘agnosticism’ mean?
The belief that the existence of God is unknown or unknowable.
What is the Christian belief regarding the creation of the world?
Christians believe that God created the world in six days and rested on the seventh, as described in the Book of Genesis.
True or False: The theory of evolution is widely accepted within Christian teachings.
False
Fill in the blank: The first human created according to the Bible is _____ .
Adam
What does the term ‘original sin’ refer to in Christian theology?
Original sin refers to the fallen state of human nature inherited from Adam and Eve’s disobedience to God.
Which book of the Bible contains the creation narrative?
The Book of Genesis
In Christian belief, who is considered the ‘Second Adam’?
Jesus Christ
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a Christian view on creation? A) Young Earth Creationism B) Theistic Evolution C) Naturalism
C) Naturalism
What is the significance of the Sabbath in the creation story?
The Sabbath is significant as it represents God’s rest after creation and serves as a day of rest for believers.
True or False: Christians believe that humans are made in the image of God.
True
What opposing view suggests that the universe and life arose naturally without divine intervention?
Naturalism
What is the role of Jesus Christ in Christian beliefs?
Jesus Christ is believed to be the Son of God, the Savior, and the central figure of Christianity.
Fill in the blank: The life of Jesus is documented primarily in the _____ .
Gospels
What miracle is Jesus known for performing at the wedding in Cana?
Turning water into wine
Multiple Choice: Which event is celebrated on Easter? A) The birth of Jesus B) The resurrection of Jesus C) The crucifixion of Jesus
B) The resurrection of Jesus
True or False: Jesus was crucified by the Romans.
True
What is the significance of the Sermon on the Mount?
The Sermon on the Mount contains key teachings of Jesus, including the Beatitudes and the Lord’s Prayer.
Who betrayed Jesus for thirty pieces of silver?
Judas Iscariot
What does the term ‘Messiah’ mean in Christianity?
The Messiah refers to the anointed one, believed to be Jesus Christ who fulfills the prophecies of the Old Testament.
Fill in the blank: Jesus’ mother was named _____ .
Mary
What is the Christian belief about the resurrection of Jesus?
Christians believe that Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after his crucifixion, conquering death and sin.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following titles is NOT associated with Jesus? A) Lamb of God B) King of Kings C) Prophet Muhammad
C) Prophet Muhammad
True or False: Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist.
True
What parable teaches about the importance of forgiveness?
The Parable of the Unforgiving Servant
What is the Great Commission?
The Great Commission is Jesus’ instruction to his disciples to spread the Gospel and make disciples of all nations.
Fill in the blank: The Last Supper was a meal shared between Jesus and his _____ .
disciples
What is the significance of Jesus’ crucifixion in Christian theology?
The crucifixion is seen as the sacrifice for humanity’s sins, providing a means of salvation.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following events is NOT part of the Passion narrative? A) The Last Supper B) The Ascension C) The Crucifixion
B) The Ascension
True or False: Christians believe that Jesus will return at the end of time.
True
What does the term ‘Gospel’ mean?
Gospel means ‘good news’ and refers to the message of Jesus Christ and the accounts of his life.
Who is considered the primary author of the Gospel of John?
John the Apostle
What is the primary message of the Parable of the Good Samaritan?
The importance of loving one’s neighbor and showing compassion to all.
Multiple Choice: Where was Jesus born? A) Nazareth B) Bethlehem C) Jerusalem
B) Bethlehem
True or False: Jesus performed miracles to demonstrate his divine authority.
True
What is the significance of the resurrection in Christianity?
The resurrection is fundamental to Christian faith as it confirms Jesus as the Son of God and the promise of eternal life.
Fill in the blank: Jesus often taught in _____ , using stories and parables.
parables
What event marks the beginning of Jesus’ public ministry?
His baptism by John the Baptist
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key theme in Jesus’ teachings? A) Wealth B) Humility C) Revenge
B) Humility
True or False: The New Testament includes the letters of Paul.
True
What is the meaning of ‘Immanuel’?
‘Immanuel’ means ‘God with us,’ referring to the prophetic name of Jesus.
Fill in the blank: The resurrection is celebrated on _____ .
Easter
What does the term ‘Apostle’ refer to?
An Apostle refers to one of the twelve disciples chosen by Jesus to spread his teachings.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following miracles did Jesus NOT perform? A) Healing the sick B) Walking on water C) Creating the universe
C) Creating the universe
True or False: Jesus’ teachings emphasized love and forgiveness.
True
