AP01

Question 1

What are nasal concha and what are their functions?

Answer 1

Nasal conchae are several bony elements that form the upper chambers of the nasal cavities. They increase the surface area of these cavities, thus providing for rapid warming and humidification of air as it passes to the lungs

Question 2

What does the nasal concha divide the nasal cavity into?

Answer 2

• Superior meatus
• Middle meatus
• Inferior meatus
• Sphenoethmoidal recess
• Common nasal meatus

Question 3

What is the significance of the paranasal sinuses in relation to the respiratory system?

Answer 3

The paranasal sinuses humidify inspired air. They open into the nasal cavity (space inside the nose) and are lined with cells that make mucus to keep the nose from drying out during breathing.

Question 4

Where is the superior nasal meatus located?

Answer 4

Between the superior and middle nasal conchae

Question 5

Where is the middle nasal meatus located?

Answer 5

The middle nasal concha superiorly and the inferior nasal concha inferiorly

Question 6

Where is the inferior nasal meatus located?

Answer 6

Lies beneath the inferior nasal concha and the lateral nasal wall.

Question 7

Function of inferior nasal meatus

Answer 7

It is responsible for the majority of airflow direction, humidification, heating and filtering of air inhaled through the nose

Question 8

Why do microorganisms need to be removed from air and how are they removed?

Answer 8

• The alveoli requires air to be sterile. They need to be removed before they reach the blood.
• The mucus layer which includes glands, goblet cells, and ciliated cells secrete a hydrated mucus layer which contains lipids, glycoproteins, and glycoconjugates. This layer not only helps to humidify inhaled air but also traps microbes and microparticles from the environment on entering the URT. The cilia waft the microorganisms out of the lungs

Question 9

Where does the maxillary artery arise from?

Answer 9

It is a branch of the external carotid artery.

Question 10

Where does the general innervation of the cutaneous sensation arise from

Answer 10

• Ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve
• Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve

Question 11

What cartilage is the nose made from and what protective role does it have?

Answer 11

• Hyaline cartilage
• It is mobile and so protects from trauma

Question 12

Which structure drains into the inferior meatus?

Answer 12

• Nasolacrimal duct which contains tears which drain into the nasal cavity

Question 13

What does the frontal sinus drain into?

Answer 13

The middle meatus

Question 14

What does the maxillary sinus drain into?

Answer 14

The middle meatus

Question 15

What does the sphenoid sinus drain into?

Answer 15

Sphenoethmoidal recess superior to the superior concha