AP WORLD HISTORY UNIT 7 Flashcards
1
Q
included Britain, France, Russia, Italy and the United States. These countries fought against the Central Powers
A
Allies
2
Q
created to be prepared for war, for example the Schellifen plan____ was devised by Germans to prevent a two front war with Russia and France, the Germans relied on the fact that Russians would not be able to mobilize quick enough.
A
War plans
3
Q
called fro the activation of military forces for imminent battle and the redirection of economic and social activities to support military efforts.( moving troops and weapons from one country to another for war )
A
Mobilization
4
Q
fighting that occurred in world war 1, Germans causing violence in Paris, fighting here was mostly trench warfare that ran from the English channel to Switzerland
A
Western front
5
Q
created to end stalemate, the most effective one during world war 1 was mustard gas and machine guns, others included tanks, airplanes,
A
New weapons
6
Q
opposing forces dug ditches and engaged in war, caused stalemate
A
Trench warfare
7
Q
fighting in world war 1 that occurred in eastern Europe and the Balkans, Austrian and German forces overran Serbia and Romania. Russians invading Prussia, but central Powers pushed them out and established a defensive line from the Baltic to Ukraine.
A
Eastern front
8
Q
German forces tried to break the deadlock between them and the french, the french did everything they possibly could to prevent German forces from entering this fortress, and they succeeded, both suffered casualties but more french died, at the same time the British forces counterattacked at the Somme.
A
Verdun
9
Q
.citizens at home supported the war efforts.Military leaders sometimes controlled societies. Private businesses were given to the government, the war demanded raw materials and manufactured goods, everything that was are was for the war(supplies,weapons) Their was a extension in military services ,women replace men in the factories and the war changed the life of women.
A
Home front
10
Q
information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.
A
Propaganda
11
Q
began when Germany did not give up their territory in northeaster china and did not remove their battleships from Japanese and Chinese waters, so japan reacted by joining the war on the side of the allies, and began taken German territories, japan left the allies to pursue their imperial interests in China, the Japanese imposed these on the Chinese, they showed their determination to dominate east Asia , china asked for help from British forces. It gave total control of china to japan.
A
21 demands
12
Q
took place in south west Asian territories of the Ottoman empire, Churchill of Britian suggested that a attack on the ottoman empire would weaken the central powers, so under British’s command a combined force landed on the beaches near this peninsula, the Turkish attacked the allied troops causing the allied troops to engage in a trench warfare, the ottoman empire had defeated the allied troops
A
Gallipoli
13
Q
Last Major non-Muslim ethnic group under ottoman rule
during the great war this group was seen as a traitorous enemy by the ottoman gov. so a murderous campaign was unleashed against them, about one million people of this group died because they were drowned, starved, dehydrated, and beaten.
A
Armenians
14
Q
they had won their fight against allied forces in the gallipoli peninsula but they were unable to fight off invading British armies, since the British army had support from a Arab revolt against the Turks , British did not keep its promise of giving Arab independence.
A
Ottomans
15
Q
started because of disintegrating armies, and starvation which lead to strikes in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) it could not be stopped by police forces and it caused Nicholas II to abdicate his throne, it ended monarchy in Russia
A
March revolution
16
Q
Means “minority”, it was a group against Bolsheviks, wanted a Democratic Party with mass membership
A
Mensheviks
17
Q
Radical wing of the Russian social Democratic Party led by Lenin, gained control of Petrograd soviets they fought for peace land and bread so they had public support,rulers ended Russians involvement in the world war 1
A
Bolsheviks
18
Q
russian commmunis who view the industrial working class as incapable of developing the proper revolutionary ideas that would lead to effective political action.the Russian Empire was replaced by the Soviet Union; all wealth including land, industry and business was confiscated.
A
Lenin
19
Q
.bolshevicm party organized a seizure of power and armed workers,soldiers and sailors stormed to winter palace,it was almost bloodless,power passes from the provisional government to the Bolshevik party
A
November revolution
20
Q
a British passenger liner that traveled through a war zone and had ammunition in it. it was a surprise attack from the Germans that angered the us since 128 us citizens died on the ship, this caused the us to think about declaring war on the Germans.
A
Lusitania
21
Q
arrived after the great war, it had left more than 20 million dead it killed more people than the great war itself, people call it the Spanish flu since it originated in Spain, the great war did not cause it to begin but it spread it everywhere, there was no cure everyone died; the rich, the poor, the young, and the old.
A
Influenza
22
Q
it was created by Woodrow Wilson, in order to establish peace between the central powers and the allies it included the freedom of navigation at sea in times of peace and war, removal of economic barriers, adjustments of colonial disputes.
A
14 points
23
Q
created in pairs to avoid future conflicts, principal mission was to maintain world peace
A
League of nation
24
Q
people with the sane ethnic origins, laungage and political ideals had the right to form powerful states
A
Self-determination
25
Germany's former colonies and Arab territories of the ottoman empire were referred to as territories unable to stand by themselves and should be entrusted to the advanced nations, so the league divided the central powers territories into three classes.
Mandate system
26
Disillusioned writers identified society with this term after the WWI; they question why the war happened; wrote pessimistic novels about the war or societies, ex. Hemingway, Spengler. Theologians began to question religion. Destroyed belief in progress, attack science & technology ' bc of their technology in war. Began to question democracy, didn't like it (were corrupt/ineffective), started idealizing elite rule.
"Lost generation"
27
investors traded some 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. Billions of dollars were lost, wiping out thousands of investors.
Crash 1929
28
a economists who work's showed answers to the great depression. he believed the great depression was caused because there was not enough jobs for people who wanted to work, so he encouraged the gov. to begin public works projects in order to provide employment , also believed supple and demand was a problem, excessive supply wasn't the problem not enough demand was the problem so he urged the gov. to borrow money to people so they could spend.
Keynes
29
Franklin Roosevelt was inspired by Keynes to re-inflate the economy, he did this by forming a legislation designed t prevent the collapse of the banking system, provide jobs, guarantee minimum wages and social security for old age.
New deal
30
opposition to the bolshevik party, began when lenin's gov. created a policy of crushing all opposition, the communists began the red terror- anticommunists or whites were arrested and executed killed tsar Nicholas, his wife Alexandra and their children and servants.
White terror- whites had support from Russia's former allies from the great war, they received troops and supplies to aid whites, in the end the Russian communists won..
Civil war
31
Lenin's form of showing he was willing to come to a comprise, this policy temporary restored market economy and small-scale industries returned to Russia other things this policy had was the establishment of technical schools to train technicians and engineers.
NEP
32
promoted the idea of socialism in one country his adopted name means man of steel leader of the soviet union.
Stalin
33
replaced Lenin's NEP , the purpose was to transform the soviet union to a leading industrial power
Five year plan
34
taking away privately owned land to create a collective or cooperative farm units whose profits would be shared among all farmers.
Collectivization
35
Stalin removed from post of authority all persons suspected of opposition, victims faced execution or long term suffering in labor camps
Great purge
36
based on a extreme nationalism in which the state comes first and individual liberty is secondary was against socialism, communism and democracy, a fear of foreign power.
Fascism
37
was asked to form a new government he turned Italy into a fascist dictatorship. he banded labor unions, and censored the press, he also had secret police to keep a eye on the people
Mussolini and Fascist Italy
38
joined a political party known as the Nazis, since Germany was faced with economical problems, it gave this guy the opportunity to spread his ideas, he blamed the Jews for the Germans problems he promised to restore Germany's economy and empire
Hitler
39
autobiographical manifesto by National Socialist leader Adolf Hitler, in which he outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany. also known as my struggle.
he wrote it while in jail saying that the Germans needed their own living space away from other races in ordered to expand Germany.
Mein Kampf
40
discrimination towards Jews
Anti-semitism
41
largest and most prominent Indian public organization, whose goal was self-determination and independence from British rule
Indian National Congress
42
- born in a wealthy hindu household
- marrier at 13
- studied law in London
- went to Africa for 25 years, developed ideas of tolerance and non-violence.
- believed in a life of simple living
- changed the Indian national congress by protesting British rule using non-violence and boycotting.
- worked to improve the life of the poor, and gain India's independence
Gandhi
43
a compromise offered by the British, that gave India the institutions of a self-governing state, it wasn't successful since powerful princes refused to cooperate and since Muslims feared Hindus would dominate the national legislature.
India act
44
leader of the chines communist party, former teacher who viewed a marxist-inspired social revolution as a cure for china's problems , believed in divorce and was against forced marriage and foot-binding. believed that peasants rather than the urban working-class were the foundation for a successful revolution.
Mao
45
didn't believe that china's problems would end if proletariat created a dictatorship or if communism came to an end instead he believed the solution was the elimination of foreign special privileges, and if everyone could vote, and economic development, he created the nationalist peoples party or Guomindang, and he received assistance form the soviet union.
Sun Yasten
46
Japanese troops dressed up as Chinese to blow up there own rail(Japanese-built south Manchuria Railway North of Mukden) the accused Chinese of attacking the railway, this event was the pretext for war between japan and china
Mukden
47
University students in Latin America wanted more representation in educational system, wanted reforms, opposed govts. Universities became training grounds for future political leaders. Formed political parties that supported communism or adopted rebellious agendas for change. Communism had somewhat an appeal.
Protests and Communism
48
Mexican artist who studied In Europe,inspired by Renaissance and cubists artist.Painted murals about politics in Mexico.Belived art should be displayed for the common people.Painted indigenous art, government told home to paint murals of mexico's history on their building;did portrait of America (21U.S history murals. His work was a propaganda against US imperialism.
Rivera
49
William Howard Taft urged the us should develop foreign markets through peaceful deals instead of using military intervention, it replaced European investments with US investments
Dollar diplomacy
50
took the economic crisis of the great depression and turned it into something good for his country (Brazil) he created a new state he started a program of industrialization that created new businesses most important were the steel and iron industry
Vargas
51
it was the approach to Latin american relations, US Marines provided training for indigenous police forces so that they could remove their own military forces.
Good neighboring policy
52
Cesar Sandino did not believe in the us so he opposed them, the US was able to bring Juan Sacasa into power because of a supervised election, the us troops left and left Somoza in charge of the national guard, officers from the national guard murdered Sandino, Somoza became president and was loyal and proved himself a good neighbor to the US
Nicaragua
53
.
Nationalism
54
japanese used methods of warfare that led to mass death , Japanese bombers attacked the city, raped 7 thousand women and murdered hundreds of thousands of unarmed soldiers and citizens. soldiers used the citizens for bayonet practice and machined gunned them
Nanjing
55
national economy was never recovered , expected far great recompense and respect after the great war since they were on the winning team , it was shut out from the allied powers , Benito Mussolini promised to bring back glory this country by conquering Ethiopia which angered many since Mussolini used a lot of violence.
Italian Aggression
56
violated the treaty of Versailles,withdrew Germany from the league of nations in order to strengthening army, began the campaign of German expansion, wanted to create a single homeland for Germans, tried to gain control of the Sudetenland since a lot of Germans lived there.
Hitler's re-militarization and Aggression
57
led by Francisco Franco, the Spanish military and nationalist tried to overthrow spains democratic republic, italy and Germany backed the rebels with supplies, the republicans tried to save the republic but in the end franco and the nationalist won and established a dicatorship.
Spanish Civil War
58
also known as appeasement , France and Britain allowed Hitler to take over the portion of Czechoslovakia as long as that was the last effort to expand Germany.
Munich Confernce
59
soviet union and Germany signed an agreement, the two nations agreed not to attack each other.
Non-Aggression Pact
60
German bobmers launched attacks on railroads, communications networks and military bases to prevent mobilization, then sent in warplanes to rain bombs, then sent in tanks, finally troops were sent in to defeat any remaining areas of resistance,
signed armistice in the same railroad car Germans signed their armistice, this event convinced Mussolini that Germany was winning so Italy joined the war.
Blitzkrieg and Fall of France
61
germany hoped to defeat britian by air attakcs, they rianed bombs in british cities such as london killing a lot of british citizens, but the british air force ended the german air campaign causing a victory for britian, it provided the allied powers confidence since they saw that hitler could be stopped
Battle of Britain
62
german invasion of the soviet union, it took stalin by surprise and caught the red army off gaurd, although they seemed to be winning the germans blitzkrieg tacticts were not so effectivve since stalin ordered the soviet industry to relocate areas away from the front which were moved to the uriel mountians , also since the soviet union received help from the US, what helped the soviet union even more was one of the coldest weather of all times , german troops were sure they were going to win they did not pack enough supplies to last them until winter ( they attacked in the summer)
Operation Barbarossa
63
successful Soviet defense of the city of Stalingrad,topped the German advance into the Soviet Union, Stalin called his troops to fight a patriotic war, in attempt to stall the Germans until the red army could regroup a counterattack.
Battle of Stalingrad
64
Japan wanted to expand their empire more to southeast Asia, so Japanese forces began to occupy french Indochina, the us gov responded by freezing Japanese money and banking, an ending oil shipping to Japan, so Tojo Hidek had plans of war against Britain and Us, he attacked this place, hoping to destroy American naval capacity, the same time Germany and Italy declare war on the US
Pearl Harbor
65
British and US troops landed on Normandy and attacked German cities this ended the war in Europe since Germany was left to surrender.
D-Day
66
British firebombing that literally cooked German men, women and children in bomb shelters, 135,00 people died in the firestorm
Dresden
67
it was the turning point in the Pacific war , the US used their secret weapon aka Magic to monitor Japanese radio, this allowed the US to know that the Japanese were planning a attack on these islands, so the US were prepared for the attack, they had 36 carrier launched dive bombers who attacked 4 Japanese ships, then the US commenced island hopping and conquered Japanese islands as well as island take away from them
Battle of Midway
68
the US used this new weapon against the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki , this weapon caused Japan to surrender since at the same time these weapons were being used against them, the soviet union declared war on Japan. It killed many people.
Atomic Bombs
69
local notable joined gov. sponsored by the conquerors since they could gain power,
business people and companies often obeyed because they prospered financially,
Collaboration
70
campaigns of sabotages, armed assaults on occupational forces, and assassinations,for German and Japanese citizens it was hard since it was viewed as treason, labor unions, and churches were destroyed to prevent it from happening
Resistance
71
Jews had bin singled out by Christian societies and were seen as just a problem,
the attempted murder of every single Jew living in Europe, agreed to evacuate all Jews from Europe to camps in Poland where hey would be worked to death or exterminated.
Anti-Semitism and Final Solution
72
weak because of prolonged starvation, disease and starvation,bet known one took place in the Warsaw ghetto,, 60,000 Jew rose against their tormentors, but it was ended since German forces used flamethrowers and tanks, after this very few Jews opposed since they developed the idea they were inferior
Jewish Resistance
73
Women gained more freedoms and confidence and they had more opportunists in the workforce,
in japan women from Korean and china were forced to work in "comfort houses" where they had to perform prostitution services.
Women in WWII
74
confrontation for global influence between the US and the Soviet Union a tense encounter between liberal democracy and capitalism on one hand and communism and one-party rule on the other hand.
Cold War
75
a national organization dedicated to keeping world peace and security, created security council , recognized that peace could be maintained only if the great powers were in agreement, the council consisted of the five allied alliance in world war 2
United Nation
76
created by US president, that basically said the US was going to help any nation that resisted communism, it was a way of preventing any further expansion of Soviet influence
Truman Doctrine
77
created by US president to help support the destroyed infrastructure of western Europe, proposed to rebuild European economies through cooperation and capitalism, provided 13 billion to reconstruct western Europe, soviet union responded by establishing the council for mutual economic assistance.
Marshall Plan
78
established by the US during the cold war a regional military alliance against soviet aggression which included the US and their friends, this group allowed western Germany to rearm and join the group
NATO
79
created by the soviet union in response to the creation of NATO, it was a military alliance of seven communist European nations.
Warsaw Pact
80
western powers merged their zones in Germany, the soviets responded by blockading all road, rails and water links between Berlin and western Germany, so the Americans responded by doing this to keep west Berlin's inhabitants alive, fed and warm this lasted for 11 months
when the blockade was over it created the federal republic of Germany (West Germany) and The German democratic Republic (East Germany)
Berlin Airlft
81
created to prevent east Germans from leaving communist east Germany to go to capitalist west Germany, it began as a layer of barbered wires then turned into barriers several layers deep with watchtowers and search towers,
Berlin Wall
82
leaders of the United states and the soviet union at the end of world war 2 had divided Korea along the thirty eight parallel of latitude . The northern part belonged to the Soviet Union( Communist )while the southern part belonged to the US (capatilsm). This war began when the gov, of northern Korea invaded southern Korea and captured soul. The US believed this movement was inspired by the soviets so with the help of the united nations and other countries, the US pushed the North Koreans back into the 38th parallel and further until they captured their capital and further towards china's borders, which cause china to join the war and hep north Koreans push the us back, in the end both superpowers recognized that they need to cease-fire and agree on having half Korea be communist and half be capitalist
Korean War
83
soviet union broke US's exclusive control of nuclear weapons when they began to test there own atomic bomb,but since the US wanted to dominate nuclear power, just as bad as the Soviet Union, both powers engaged in the construction of nuclear weapons to out beat each other which lead to MAD (Mutually assured destruction)
Arms Race
84
Fidel Castro accepted a soviet offer of massive economic assistance , Castro declared his support for the USSR's foreign policy
the alliance between this country and the soviet Union caused president Kennedy to make the decision of invading this country and overthrown Castro and his supporters, the CIA trained anti-Castro people of this country , then transported this army to a land called ________ , the US forces failed, american planes didn't show up , Castro had killed or captured invading force , the us was defeated.
Cuba and Bay of Pigs Invasion
85
communist leaders attacked and questioned Stalin's rule, , governments removed portraits of Stalin from public places, renamed institutions and businesses that contained his name, this brought a friendliness in gov control, millions of political prisoners were released .
De-Stalinization
86
soviets did this to prevent European powers to end ties with the soviet union
soviet union and the United states agreed to this policy also know as reduction in hostility, trying to cool the costly arms race and slow their competition, it showed some relaxations and promoted a spirit of cooperation,
Intervention and Detente
87
the division of India into separate Hindu and Muslim states, the Muslims went to Pakistan and the Hindus stayed in India, ten million refugees made the journey to one state or the other half a million and one million people died int he violence accompanied those massive human migration
Indian Partition and Violence
88
leader of new African and Asian countries discussed this topic at the Bandung Conference, they met here to discuss a alternative to choosing either the united states or the soviet Union ( conference of colored people) , main goal was to maintain neutrality
Nonalignment
89
to advantage of wartime conditions to fight for Vietnam's independence, pushed out Japanese forces from Vietnam during ww2 , then he issued the Vietnamese declaration of independence but, the french using British and US weapons intervened and capture southern part of Vietnam then fought against the Viet Minh (northern nationalist communist) to take over the norther part, they succeed until this guy and the general engaged in a guerrilla warfare, he had support from communist china , this helped him defeat the french and gain independence of the Vietnam territory.
Ho-Chi Minh
90
Vietnam should be divided at the seventeenth parallel,north would be controlled by Ho Chi minh and communist forces, south by Communists
Geneva Conference
91
U.S ground troops were sent to increase the south Vietnamese army, U.S. government viewed its involvement in the war as a way to prevent a Communist takeover of South Vietnam.Gradual withdrawal of U.S. ground forces began as part of as "Vietnamization", which aimed to end American involvement in the war while transferring the task of fighting the Communists to the South Vietnamese themselves. Ultimatley the North Vietnamese communist won.
American War
92
great Britain served as the mandate power in this country, and made promises to Jew migrating here that the would establish a secure home for them, which they tried to accomplish but the had problems with _____ Arabs, so they limited the migration of Jews to this area and protected the Arab's political and economic rights.
British could not handle pressures from Arabs and Jews competing for this place so they turned the situation to United nation , the United nations solution was to divide ______into two states on fro the Arabs and one for the Jews, Arabs did not like the idea so a civil war broke out,Arab and Jews fought against each other Jews in this are a proclaimed the creation of the independent state of Israel
Palestine and Creation of Israel
93
Military leaders of this place committed themselves to opposing Israel and taking command of the Arab world,
an invasion of Egypt in by Israel, followed by Britain and France. The aims were to regain Western control of the___ Canal, they were successful, they didn't tell the US and the Soviet Union of their plans and so they forced them to withdraw.
Egypt and Suez Crisis
94
wanted independence from french (in Africa),began under the command of FLN or National LIberation Front, , the FlN moved into urabnized areas, the french sent htousans of troops to put to this place to end the revolution , eventualy they gained freedom from the french , but many of them died.
Algerian Revolt
95
"blackness" began when nationalism flouraished in sub-sahara africa; reviving Africa's great traditions and culturs,poets and writers., was put to a halut after world world 2 whbescause whites saw blacks as incapable of self-governing, and whe whites began to settle in Africn colonies.
Negritude
96
the south african economy scared whites since africans could raisee to power , so to pervent this under the national party the gov insituted harsh laws designed to control the restive black population , aka separateness, it designate 87 percent of South Africa's territory for whites
Apartheid
97
envisioned by Mao, a way to overtake the industrial production of developed nations, Mao worked to collectivize all land and manage all businesses and industrial companies, his plan failed, Mao blamed sparrows for the bad harvest so he ordered people to kill every single sparrow, they did but this event only left more insects to consume the harvest, 20 million chines died of starvation and malnutrition
Great Leap
98
it was an attempt by Mao to re-impose his authority,Red Guards, encouraged all the youth in China to criticize those who Mao deemed untrustworthy with regards to the direction he wanted China to take. No-one was safe from criticism, Anyone who was deemed to have developed a superior attitude was considered an enemy of the party and people. The main goal was to create a China which had peasants, workers and educated people working together – no-one was better than anyone else and all working for the good of China – a classless society.
Cultural Revolution
99
the name given to the time period Mao's colleague ruled, this ruler worked in a tractor-repair factory, under his rule china entered the international financial and trading system a move that was facilitated by the relations between china and the US
Deng's Rovolution
100
.students in china who were sent to foreign universities to study, these students staged pro democracy demonstration in Beijing's _______ ______. This movement angered Deng so he sent troops to stop the students demonstration, tanks ran over the students, many people were killed.
Tienanmen Square
101
.known as Political Islam, is a set of ideologies holding that "Islam should guide social and political as well as personal life".
Islamism
102
PEMEX national oil company in contorl in mexico's oil industy contribute to to a period of prosperity in mexico .
El Milagro Mexicano
103
began with a one party rule of the institutional revolutionary party who acted harshly and experimented with economic strategies the increased or decrease mexico's reliance on foreign markets and investments, the PRI came under attack when Mexican peasants protested against them, and created the party of PRD to create a multiparty elections
PRI to PRD
104
reduction and removal of barriers between national borders to facilitate the flow of goods, money, services and labor
process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations
Globalizatioin
105
freedom from state imposed limits and constraints on trade across the borders,
Free Trade
106
took over the activities of the general agreement of traffis and trade (or free trade among nations) has 157 members 97% of all world trade
WTO
107
included Hong kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan, they started off as poor countries and they rose their economy and became Major economic powers, they transformed their disadvantages to advantages, by using a export-driven industrialization (shipping the goods and services)
Tigers
108
leaders her launched economic reforms that opened chines markets to the outside world,encouraged foreign investment, and imported foreign technology, this country acted as a major exporter, it benefited because of its cheap labor , became a member of world trade organization and moved to global economic superpower status,
China's Rise
109
western Europe and a lot of friend who said they couldn't compete with the USA economy so they go together and formed this Union to develop a powerful economy. members of the Union did not need a passport to travel thru the Union
European Union
110
producer cartel established by the oil-producing states of Iran, Iraq,Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Qatar......, raised the price of oil, the cartel ordered a stop on oil shipments to the US and quadrupled the price of oil, this caused a global economic downturn, this contributed to the debt crisis that hurt many developing nations, this came to a end because of the Iran-Iraq war and the Gulf War
OPEC
111
consumer culture that developed in the US has spread all over the world, such as McDonald's, burger king, replacing french cafes in France, or people in china listening to Eminem.
McDonalization
112
scientists and citizens have become convinced that human society cannot infinitely expand beyond the physical limits of the earth and its resources.
Club of Rome= a club created to determine the limits of the economy and the population in relation to the capacity of the planet to support humanity , the group agreed that prices of oils,natrual gases....., would increase and that the earth's capacity was about to reach its limit, in the end they were wrong the earth has continued to grow.
Population Capacity
113
refers to a human-induced change, known as global warming, which was caused because of human activities since the beginning of industrialization .
Climate Change
114
ancient Japanese capital, where confernece was held dedicated on the concept of climate change, the delegates of 187 nations agreed to cut greenhouse emissions blamed for global warming, the kyoto protocol went to work and reduced carbon emission in developed countries(China and India) the US did not allow the Kyoto protocol to happen in the US. In the end the protocol was modified ensuring developing as well as developed countries agreed to and international monitoring of emissions( production and discharge of something)reduction.
Kyoto
115
a guy in mexico encouraged his people to have numerous kids, this brought concerns from the government and they took action to control population growth, the government believed the best way to promote health and well-being of a nation was to control its population growth, there were mixed thoughts on the idea of birth control.
Population Control
116
caused because;
* of worldwide shortage of natural resources and the uneven distribution of resources .
* population increase and environmental loss- shortages of water and food and shelter
* gap between rich and poor
Poverty Causes
117
caused because of poor economic conditions,there are many children who work between the age of 5-15 in conditions that are harmful for them, there is little the government can do since most child labor occurs in agriculture,domestic service, family service,and sex trade, many are born into labor because their parents are stuck in a debt bondage(work at a cheap cost, for borrowed money)
human beings are bought and sold everywhere in the world, victims of trafficking or kidnapped and forced to do bonded labor, domestic servitude, and commercial sex.most victims or women and girls.The trafficking industry is one of the fastest growing and most lucrative business in the world that generates billions of dollars annually in profits.
Child Labor and Trafficking
118
this disease has struck the hardest in sub-Sahara Africa , this disease is destine to decrease the population , it has left many children without parents, there is no cure for it, it has caused the economy to decrease , the good news is that scientists have found a treatment for aids, the bad news is that not everybody can afford it,but hopefully this will soon change.
Aids and Africa
119
individuals or groups who attempt to destabilize or overthrow political systems within of outside borders of their territory, use of violence against civilians with the aim of advancing political religious causes.
Terrorism
120
a act of terrorism,two planes crashed into the Twins towers in New York and one plane crashed in to the pentagon in Washington D.C. and the fourth jet crashed into a field in Pennsylvania, the us held osama bin laden as the mastermind behind the attack, president bush declared war on osama bin laden,osama called on every Muslim to kill Americans since he viewed them as enemies,
9/11
121
Taliban an Islamic aggressive group operating in Afghanistan and western Pakistan, created the Islamic state of Afghanistan, they declared that they brought peace to Afghanistan, they wanted to create a pure Muslim state, the Taliban fought a series of wars with other ethnic and Muslim groups, and the provide a trading ground for Islamist fighters n southwest and central Asia , for example Osama bin Laden, they required women to wear veils and men had to grow long beards, and they called a ban to television and photos and music. The Taliban was the official government in Afghanistan, , the Taliban refused to surrender osama bin laden to the US, so the US began the military operations against the Taliban military possession and and terrorist camps, the us and Afghanistan were at war.
Afghanistan
122
2003 invasion of Iraq led by the United States. The invasion toppled the government of Saddam Hussein. Hussien was arrested and executed in 2006. President Bush's main target in Iraq was the stockpile of weapons of destruction , the cost of this war was 4.6 billion per month to support stoops in Iraq.
Iraq War
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a example of this is the red cross, a international humanitarian agency, a agency dedicated to help the wounded and suffering people, at the Geneva conference, it laid the rules of treatment of the wounded,
NGO
| Nongovernmental organizations
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notion that all persons are entailed to some basic rights,rights that protect an individual against state conduct, rights such as the abolition of slavery and the implementation of universal suffrage, the Nazis and the persecution of the Jews created crimes against humanity, United nation adopted the declaration of Human rights and fundamental freedoms , it protected humans from arbitrary arrest and torture, slavery or involuntary service,discrimination of race ,sex, religions
Human Rights
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women gained more rights after world war 2, gender equality is oftened linked to women's acess to employment, the industrialized nations had the largest percentage of working women, the discrimination women faced in the workforce caused the feminist movement, protested for better treatment in the workforce, and the ability to have total control over their bodies and the decision if they wanted to have a kid or not,
In communist nations, women got more rights since they were seen as important to their societies, for example Mao in china passed a law that women had the choice of who they wanted to marry and women could inherit and control property, women still did not receive the same wages as men, and they still had to do everything at home,
women faced hardships especially in India and Asia, women who were not "good wives"or if the men was simply was tired of his wife, were burned by their husbands
women did not have the right to become political leaders but many did.
Women's Rights
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refers to human migration within a nation,led to rapid urbanization in much of the world.
Internal Migration
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becoming more like a city, large numbers of people migrated to cities, in search of relief from rural poverty, but some people find the cities were not any better.
Urbanization
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violated the 14 points,it was a series of compromises between the allied powers, french required Germany to accept sole responsibility and guilt for causing the war, the treaty of Versailles denied the Germans a navy and an air force and limited the size of the German army to 100,000 troops, other treaties required central Powers to pay the cost of the war. it caused Austria and Hungary to loose territories.
Peace treaties
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leadership of the guomindan fell to this guy, he was a young general who had been trained in Japan and the Soviet Union, launched the Northern expedition, that's goal was to unify the nation and bring china under guomindang rule , he turned against the communist party, so in the end Nationalist forces occupied bejing and had a central gov in Nanjing while the communists stayed in southeastern china trying to recover.
Chiang and Civil War
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took over the oil industry which was controlled by the US and Britain, Roosevelt wanted to end in good terms with mexico so he called for a peaceful negotiation, the foreigners got only 24 million of the 260 million that they wanted.
Cardenas and the Oil industry
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nationalist and communists agreed on a united front against Japanese troops , they had numerous military clashes about who was in control
Chinese resistance
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communists inflicted heavy military defeats on the nationalist and force the national government of Chiang to seek refuge in Taiwan, Mao Zedong , chairman of the communist party established this in china, it caused the end of imperialist intrusion in China
People's Republic of China
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1997 Crisis and BRICi
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,Colonel in army who becomes president of Argentina, was a nationalist. Gained support because he wanted to industrialize, supported working class, protected economy from foreign control. He was somewhat fascist, his goals aren't supported by the rich a lot. Argentina's economy was based on cattle raising & agriculture. Had large urban middle class, population of mostly European immigrants. Bad dictators take over Argentina after Peron, caused inflation, killed many opposers, people call for democracy.
Juan Peron
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Juan's wife. Helped him gain support, fashionable & helped the poor a lot (humble). Comes from absolute poverty
Evita
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Iranian Revolution
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Iraq (led by Saddam Hussein) took advantage of the Iranian revolution to invade Iran. Initially successful but Iranian forces counterattacked them, took long to end. Killed 1 million people, conflict still remains visible, people are not happy with it. Iran started nuclear programs, doesn't like Israel nor US.
Iran-Iraq War
