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Computer Science > AP Vocab > Flashcards

AP Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Prototype

A

A preliminary sketch of an idea or model for something new

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2
Q

Innovation

A

a novel or improved idea, device, product or the development thereof

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3
Q

Binary question

A

a question to which there are only 2 possible answers

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4
Q

Binary message

A

a message that van be only 1 of 2 possible values

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5
Q

Bit

A

binary digit

the single unit of info in a computer

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6
Q

Bit rate

A

the number of bits that are sent per unit of time

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7
Q

Bandwidth

A

transmission capacity

measured by bitrate

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8
Q

Latency

A

time it takes for one bit to travel from a sender to a reciever

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9
Q

Protocol

A

set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices

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10
Q

Permutation

A

an ordered arrangement of objects

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11
Q

Number System

A

A collection of symbols and the rules for ordering them

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12
Q

ASCII

A

the universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand

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13
Q

Code

A

write instructions for a computer

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14
Q

IETF

A

Develops and promotes voluntary internet standards and protocols

Specifically TCP/IP

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15
Q

Internet

A

a group of computer and servers that are connected to eachother

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16
Q

Net Neutrality

A

the principle that all internet traffic should be treated equally by all Internet Service Providers

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17
Q

Request for Comments

A

Documents that define standards and protocols and are published on the IETF website

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18
Q

IP Address

A

A number assigned to any device connected to the internet

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19
Q

Packets

A

small chunks of information carefully former from larger chunks of information

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20
Q

Router

A

a computer that recieves messages traveling across a network and redirects them towards their intended destinations based on the addressing information included with the message

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21
Q

TCP

A

provides reliable, ordered and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet

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22
Q

DNS

A

the internet’s system for converting alphabetic names (URLs) into numeric IP addresses

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23
Q

Fault tolerant

A

enables a system to continuing operating properly in the event of the failure of one of its componenets

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24
Q

HTTP

A

protocol used by the World Wide Web

describes how messages are formatted and interchanged and how web servers respond to commands

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25
Q

URL

A

an easy to remember address for calling a webpage

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26
Q

HTML

A

the LANGUAGE for described structured documents as well as the language used to create web pages in the Internet

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27
Q

Abstraction

A

Reducing information and detail and focusing on essential characteristics

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28
Q

Server

A

A computer that waits for and responds to request for data

29
Q

Client

A

A computer that requests data stored on a server

30
Q

Byte

A

A unit of data that is 8 bits long

31
Q

Kilobyte

A

A unit of data made up of 1024 bytes

32
Q

Megabyte

A

A unit of data made up of 1024 kilobytes

33
Q

Heuristic

A

A problem solving approach (alogirthm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact is impractical or impossible

34
Q

Image

A

A type of data used for graphics or pictues

35
Q

Metadata

A

Data that describes other data

36
Q

Pixel

A

This model uses varying intensities of Red, Green, and Blue light that are added in together to create a broad array of colors

37
Q

Lossless Compression

A

A data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data

38
Q

Lossy

A

compression scheme in which “useless” information is thrown out in order to reduce the size of the data

39
Q

Hexadecimal Number System

A

A numbering system that consists of 16 distinct symbols, 0-9 and A-F, which can occur in each place value

40
Q

Hypothesis

A

A proposed explanation for some phenomenon used as the basis for further investigation

41
Q

README

A

A document providing background information about a dataset

42
Q

CSV

A

Comma separated values

Widely used file format for storing data

43
Q

Raw Data

A

original data as it was collected

44
Q

Summary table

A

a table of aggregate information about a dataset

summarize lots of data into a form that is more useful and easier to use

45
Q

Aggregation

A

A computation in which rows from a data set are grouped together and used to compute a single value of more significant meaning or measurement

46
Q

Examples of aggregation

A

Sum, average, max, median, and count

47
Q

Algorithm

A

A precise sequence of instructions for processes that can be executed by a computer and are implemented using programming languages

48
Q

Is there any algorithm for every problem?

A

NO

49
Q

Low level programming language

A

a programming language that captures only the primitive operations available to a machine.

Anything a computer can do can be represented with combinations of low level commands

50
Q

High level programming language

A

a programming language with many commands and features designed to make common tasks easier to program

Any high level functionality is encapsulated as combinations of low level commands

51
Q

Sequencing

A

the application of each step of an algorithm in the order in which the statements are given

52
Q

Selection

A

uses a Boolean condition (TRUE/FALSE) to determine which of two parts of an algorithm is used

53
Q

Iteration

A

the repetition of part of an algorithm until a condition is met or for a specified number of times

54
Q

Abstraction

A

pulling out specific differences to make one solution work for multiple problems

55
Q

Function/method

A

a piece of code you can easily call over and over agian

56
Q

API

A

Application Programming Interface

collection of commands/functions typically with a shared purpose

57
Q

Documentation

A

Description of the behavior of a command, function or library

58
Q

Library

A

collection of commands/functions typically with a shared purpose

59
Q

Parameter

A

an extra piece of information that you pass to the function to customize for a specific need

60
Q

Loop

A

a programming construct that repeats a group of commands

61
Q

For loop

A

A looping construct that defines a counting variable that is checked and incremented on each iteration in order to loop a specific number of times

62
Q

Moore’s Law

A

States that every 18 months of so, computers and digital technology will double in speed and capacity while the cost gets cut in half

63
Q

DDoS

A

Distributed denial of service

this is a type of denial of service in which the requests come from hundreds or thousands of IP addresses

64
Q

DNS Spoofing

A

A form of computer hacking in which corrupt DNS data is introduced

Causes name server to return an incorrect IP address

Traffic goes to attacker’s computer

65
Q

Event driven variable

A

A program that runs in relation to an event, such as user actions

66
Q

Element

A

must be given an unique ID so a program can reference it

this is like naming a button on a screen “but1”

67
Q

Can you have an element without an event variable?

A

Yes

68
Q

Global variable

A

often declared at the top of a program, can be accessed and changed by any function within the program

69
Q

Local variable

A

Only exists within the function in which it was declared

Computer Science (5 decks)

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