AP Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

antanaclasis

A

The repetition of a word or phrase whose meaning changes in the second instance

Ex: If we do not hang together, we will hang separately

Ex: Your argument is sound… all sound.

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2
Q

antagonist

A

The character who opposes the interests of the protagonist.

Ex: In The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien creates Lord Sauron as the antagonist to Frodo.

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3
Q

antimetabole

A

The repetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order.
Ex: One should eat to live, not live to eat.

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4
Q

anticipated objection

A

The technique a writer or speaker uses in an argumentative text to address and answer objections, even though the audience has not had the opportunity to voice these objections.
Ex: “You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea, and air…You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory.” (Winston Churchill)

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5
Q

apologist

A

Ex: In Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, Romeo makes a case for marrying Juliet, despite the controversy over the issue.

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6
Q

apology

A

An elaborate statement justifying some controversial, even contentious, position.
Ex: “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.’” (Martin Luther King Jr.)

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7
Q

apostrophe

A

The direct address of an absent person or personified object as if he/she/it is able to reply.
Ex: “O’ Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo?” (William Shakespeare)

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8
Q

appeal to authority

A

In a text, the reference to words, action, or beliefs of a person in authority as a means of supporting a claim, generalization, or conclusion.
Ex: Isaac Newton was a genius and he believed in God. Therefore, God must exist.

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9
Q

appeal to emotion

A

The appeal of a text to the feelings or interests of the audience.
Ex: If you don’t graduate from high school, you will always be poor.

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10
Q

argument by analysis

A

An argument developed by breaking the subject matter into its component parts.
Ex: The Virginians failed miserably at initial colonization and suffered through disease, war, and famine because of their high expectations and greed, which also molded their colony socially and economically.

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11
Q

asyndeton

A

The omission of conjunctions between related clauses.

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12
Q

basic topic

A

One of the four perspectives that Aristotle explained could be used to generate material about any subject matter: greater or less, possible and impossible, past fact, and future fact.
Ex: Topics include justice, peace, rights, and movie theaters.

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13
Q

brain-storming

A

Within the planning act of the writing process, a technique used by a writer or speaker to generate many ideas, some of which he or she will later eliminate.
Ex: I brainstorm before history essays by writing down as many specific Exs as I can think of for the prompt.

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14
Q

cloze test

A

A test of reading ability that requires a person to fill in missing words in a text.
Ex: The SAT’s language portion contains questions modeled in this way.

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15
Q

common topic

A

One of the perspectives, derived from Aristotle’s topics, used to generate material. The six common topics are definition, division, comparison, relation, circumstances, and testimony.
Ex: Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson’s political opinions can be the subject of a common topic, such as division.

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16
Q

compound subject

A

A sentence in which two or more nouns, noun phrases, or noun clauses constitute the grammatical subject of a clause
Ex: The dog and the cat scurried away from the approaching car.

17
Q

confirmation

A

In ancient Roman oratory, the part of a speech in which the speaker or writer could offer proof or demonstration of the central idea.
Ex: In Julius Caesar’s speech, the confirmation was scattered throughout.

18
Q

connotation

A

The implied meaning of a word, in contrast to its directly expressed “dictionary meaning.”
Ex: Home literally means one’s house, but implies feelings of family and security.

19
Q

conflict

A

The struggle of characters with themselves, with others, or with the world around them.
Ex: In The Grapes of Wrath, migrants conflict with property owners.

20
Q

consulting

A

Seeking help for one’s writing from a reader.

Ex: I often consult my parents.

21
Q

dramatistic pentad

A

The invention strategy, developed by Kenneth Burke, that invites a speaker or writer to create identities for the act, agent, agency, scene, and purpose in a situation.

what, how, by whom, where, why

22
Q

effect

A

The emotional or psychological impact a text has on a reader or listener.
Ex: The Grapes Of Wrath, by John Steinbeck, causes the reader to have sympathy for migrant workers.

23
Q

ellipsis

A

The omission of words, the meaning of which is provided by the overall context of a passage.
Ex: “Medical thinking . . . stressed air as the communicator of disease, ignoring sanitation or visible carriers” (Tuchman).

24
Q

epanalepsis

A

Repetition at the end of a clause of the word that occurred at the beginning of the clause.
Ex: Blood hath brought blood.

25
Q

epithet

A

A word of phrase adding a characteristic to a person’s name.

Ex: Alexander the Great.

26
Q

figurative language

A

Language dominated by the use of schemes and tropes.

Ex: “The ground is thirsty and hungry.”

27
Q

flashback

A

A part of the plot that moves back in time and then returns to the present.
Ex: In Oedipus Rex, both Oedipus and Iocaste recall previous events.