ap us history Flashcards
3rd nine weeks test
characteristics of progressives
- middle age protestors ( mostly women) in cities
-moral voice to improve society - scientific management
characteristics of populists
- came before progressives
- farmers ( men and women)
- did not accomplish much
-progressive finished what populists started
causes and responses to farmers’ concern
- Overproduction caused prices to go down (can’t make as much $)
-Railroad companies ripped off farmers which costed more money
democratic party platform
-low tarrifs
-wanted free coinage of silver to increase money supply and make loans worth less to pay back
Civil Service Reform
- Spoils system: patronage, hire whoever you want
- Civil Service Exam allowed people to earn a government job rather than relying on having connections with politicians to hire them
Pendleton Act of 1833
- Establishment of Civil Service Exam
- More gov’t jobs filled by this
Sherman Antitrust Act
- Attacked monopolies
- Not very effective but did break up Standard Oil
Republican Party Platform
- High tariffs (protect Northern industry)
-For the Gold standard (protected wealthy bankers)
Clayton Antitrust Act
-More effective than Sherman Antitrust Act
-Product of the Progressive Era (Woodrow Wilson)
Interstate Commerce Act
-Federal government controls interstate commerce
-State laws were considered unconstitutional and the ICA was passed to create the Interstate -Commerce Committee (ICC)
-The ICC’s job was to regulate interstate commerce and ensure railroad companies were not ripping people off (protect farmers)
Omaha Platform
-Platform of the Populist Party
-Want to regulate railroads, coinage of silver, cooperation of farmers
Coxey’s Army
-Economic downturn (panic/depression/recession) of 1893
-Marches on Washington to petition the government for help
-Ultimately failed
Jim Crow laws
-Enforced segregation
-Voting restrictions (poll taxes, grandfather clause, literacy tests)
Segregation
-Aimed to create 2 separate societies of blacks and whites
Plessy v. Ferguson
-Ruled that segregation was constitutional under the “separate but equal” doctrine
-Overturned by Brown v. Board
Free silver v. the Gold standard
-More money = easy on farmers b/c more money with less value to pay back loans
“Cross of Gold” speech
-Given by WJB
-Compared the gold standard to crucifixion on a -Cross of Gold
-Moving allegory, impactful
William Jennings Bryant
-Represented Populists and Democratic when running for Presidency
-Lost election
1896 Presidential Campaign
-WJB loses to William McKinley (goes 0-3 in getting nominated but not elected)
The political power of the Gilded Age Big Business
-Robber Barons (Carnegie, Rockefeller, etc.) were able to “buy” the Presidency
1902 Anthracite Coal Strike
-Coal mine workers went on strike for better wages and conditions and less hours
-Dangerous to not have coal to heat homes in the middle of winter
-Teddy Roosevelt intervened by threatening to send in troops but took the side of the laborers (he was Republican but also a Progressive)
1911 Standard Oil Antitrust Case
-Broke up Standard Oil
-Created several different oil entities (end of monopoly)
Progressive conservation measures
-Park system
Progressive Era amendments19: women’s suffrage
19: women’s suffrage
16: income tax
17: direct election of senators
18: prohibition
Conservation Movement
-Preserving natural resources and the environment
-National parks are created
Social Gospel
-Idea that society is made better with the infiltration of Christianity into everyday life
-Not just Christian on Sunday, but all week
-Middle aged Protestant women led the charge
Settlement House Movement
-Hull House (Chicago)
-Helped to settle primarily immigrants
-Provided needs for those who needed help
Jane Addams
-Started the Hull House
Muckrakers
-Exposed major issues in society via photos/illustrations in newspapers/magazines
-Generates $ and pressures government
Urban Political Machines/Boss Tweed
-Helped immigrants and bribed them for their vote
-Used position to rip off taxpayers
-Boss Tweed taken down by Nast
Child labor reforms
-Women get involved
-Required schooling until certain age
-Improved working conditions in factories
Jacob Riis “How the Other Half Lives”
-Exposed poor sanitation and housing in cities
-Helped poor people
-Upper middle class women get involved
Margaret Sanger
-Advocated for birth control
-Saw that more children were an economic burden and having fewer to take care of would lessen the burden
Suffrage movement
-Women
-Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
1920: 19th amendment
Atlanta Exposition Speech
-Made by Booker T. Washington (advocate for AA rights)
-Gradualism (accept social inequality for economic equality, Tuskegee Institute created trade education for blacks to make income)
-Critic was W.E.B DuBois
Niagara Movement
-Counterpoint to Booker T. Washington
-Started NAACP
-WEB DuBois is founder of NAACP
-Wanted immediate social change for AAs
Founding of the NAACP
-Wanted immediate reform for African American rights
Robert La Follette
-Governor of Wisconsin
-Income tax on businesses (graduated income tax)
-More money = higher taxes
American Federation of Labor
-Led by Samuel Gompers
-Skilled laborers (money = power)
1912 Presidential Election
-Roosevelt (Progressive), Taft (Republican), Wilson (Democrat)
-Wilson wins b/c Roosevelt and Taft split vote
Social Darwinism
-Survival of the fittest
-People are economically where they belong
The Maine
-Exploded
-Triggered the Spanish American War
-US declares war
U.S Involvement in the Philippines
-Emilio Aguinaldo led Filipinos in insurrection against US
-Bloody but US eventually wins
-Seen as hypocritical by some
U.S Involvement in Hawaii
-Invest in Hawaii but business was tough
-Arranged to overthrow the Queen of Hawaii
-Get annexed by McKinley as a US territory
Results of the Spanish-American War
-US got Puerto Rico and Guam
-Paid $20 M for the Philippines
-Cuba is independent (Teller Amendment)
Platt Amendment
-Cuba gave US naval bases (Guantanamo Bay)
-If foreign country tries to get involved with Cuba they have to go through US
Root-Takahira Amendment
-US and Japan
-Agreed to maintain status quo in the Pacific Ocean
“Gentleman’s Agreement”
-Agreement between Roosevelt and Japan
-Japan cuts off immigration
-US would stop segregating Japanese students in schools
Roosevelt Corollary
-Makes US the policeman of Latin America
-Keep Europe out of Latin America and gives US an excuse to get involved
Open Door Policy
-Sphere of influence kept US from trading with China
-John Hay proposed, China would be open to free trade with the United State
U.S relationship with China and Japan
-Decent relations
-Status quo with Japan
Big Stick Diplomacy”
-Roosevelt
-Great White fleet
-Speak softly and carry a big stick
Negotiations for the building of the Panama Canal
-Colombia controlled Panama
-Encouraged Panamanian Revolution so that the US could come build the canal
The problems with building the Panama Canal
-Mosquitoes
-Mountains
-Jungle
-Disease
Imperialists v. Anti-imperialists
Imperialists: access to markets and military bases
Anti: wrong, forcing oppression, not democratic
