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AP Stats Unit 2 > Ap Stats Unit 2 Vocab > Flashcards

Ap Stats Unit 2 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Sample

A

(Sum of all the Items in Sample) / (Number of Items in Sample - 1)

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2
Q

Fractiles

A

numbers that partition, or divide, an ordered data set into equal parts

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3
Q

Frequency Distributions

A

a table that shows classes or intervals of data entries with a count of the number of entries in each class

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4
Q

Relative Frequency

A

the portion or percentage of the data that falls into that class

(Class Frequency) / (Sample Size) = f/n

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5
Q

Cumulative Frequency

A

the sum of the frequencies of that class and all the previous classes

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6
Q

Univariate Data Set

A

a data set consisting of observations on a single variable

Can be categorical (qualitative) if each observation is a categorical response

Can be numerical (quantitative) if each observations is a number

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7
Q

Multivariate Data Set

A

a category or value of each of two or more attributes

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8
Q

Continuous Data

A

a numerical variable whose possible values form an entire interval on a number line; it has an uncountable number of possible outcomes

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9
Q

Pie Graph

A

A circle that is divided into sectors that represent categories

The area of each sector is proportional to the frequency of each category

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10
Q

Steam-and-Leaf Plot

A

Each number is separated into a stem and leaf

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11
Q

Paired data sets

A

when each entry in one data set corresponds to one entry in a second data set

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12
Q

Weighted Mean

A

The mean of a data set whose entries have varying weights

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13
Q

Symmetric

A

a vertical line can be drawn through the middle of a graph creating mirror images

Mean = Median = Mode

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14
Q

Uniform (rectangular)

A

all entries, or classes, in the distribution have equal or approximately equal frequencies (symmetric)

Mean = Median = Mode

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15
Q

Population Mean

A

(Sum of all items) / (Number of items)

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16
Q

Quartiles

A

a division of data set into four equal parts

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17
Q

Interquartile Range (IQR)

A

a measure of variation that gives the range of the middle 50% of the data

it is the difference between the third and first quartiles

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18
Q

Fences

A

scores used to determine presence of outliers

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19
Q

Frequency (f)

A

the number of data entries in the class

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20
Q

Upper Class Limit

A

the greatest number that can belong to the class

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20
Q

Lower Class Limit

A

the least number that can belong to the class

21
Q

Class Width (Class Interval)

A

the distance between lower (or upper) limits of consecutive classes

(Largest data value - smallest data value)/(Desired number of classes)

ALWAYS ROUND UP!!!!!

22
Q

Range

A

the difference between the max and min data entries

the data must be quantitative

23
Q

Midpoint

A

the sum of the lower and upper limits of the class divided by two (sometimes called the class mark)

(Lower class limit + Upper class limit)/2

23
Q

Frequency Histogram

A

A histogram that displays the data of a frequency distribution

24
Q

Bivariate Data Set

A

a data set consisting of observations for two variables

Can be written as ordered pairs

25
Q

Discrete Data

A

a numerical variable whose possible values correspond to isolate points on a number line; it has a finite or countable number of possible outcomes

26
Q

Bar Graph

A

display for categorical data where the horizontal axis is categorical and the vertical axis is frequency

26
Q

Comparative Bar Chart

A

constructed by using the same horizontal and vertical axis for the bar charts of two or more groups

27
Q

Segmented Bar Chart

A

The bar is divided into segments, with different segments representing different categories

28
Q

Stem

A

the entry’s left-most digit(s)

29
Q

Leaf

A

the entry’s right-most digit (Laves should always be single digits)

30
Q

Outlier

A

an unusually small or large data value

31
Q

Gaps

A

spacing in the data set caused by one or more outliers

31
Q

Dot Plot

A

data points are plotted on a graph with a horizontal axis

32
Q

Scatter Plot

A

Ordered pairs are graphed as points in a coordinate plane

Used to show the relationship between two quantitative variables

33
Q

Time Series

A

A data set that is composed of quantitative entries taken at regular intervals over a period of time

33
Q

Time Series Chart

A

A chart composed of a time series data set

34
Q

Median

A

The value that lies in the middle of the data when the data set is ordered

If the data set has an odd number of entries, the median is the middle number

If the data set has an even number of entries, the median is the mean of the two middle entries

34
Q

Measure of Central Tendency

A

a value that represents a typical, or central, entry of a data set

Most commonly used are the mean, median and the mode

34
Q

Mode

A

The data entry that occurs with the greatest frequency

35
Q

Mean

A

the sum of the data entries divided by the number of entries

36
Q

Unimodal

A

a histogram with a single peak (one mode)

36
Q

Multimodal

A

a histogram with more than two peaks

36
Q

Skewed Left (negatively)

A

he tail extends left

Mean < Median < Mode

37
Q

Bimodal

A

when two entries occur with the same greatest frequency

a histogram with two peaks (two modes)

37
Q

Skewed Right (positively)

A

the tail extends to the right

Mode < Median < Mean

38
Q

Sum of Squares

A

adding the squares of the deviations

38
Q

Deviation

A

The different between the entry and the mean of the data set

38
Q

Population Variance

A

the mean of the squares of the deviations

39
Q

Population Standard Deviation

A

the square root of the population variance

40
Q

The Empirical Rule (68-95-99.7 Rule)

A

For the data with a symmetric, bell shaped distribution, the standard deviation has the following characteristics:

About 68% if the data lie within one standard deviation of the mean

About 95% if the data lie within two standard deviations of the mean

About 99.7% if the data lie within three standard deviations of the mean

AP Stats Unit 2 (1 decks)

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