AP Statistics Summer Vocabulary Flashcards
What is Statistics?
The study of variability
What is variability?
Differences… how things differ. THere is variability everywhere.. We all look different, act different, have different preferences… Statisticians look at these differences.
What are 2 branches of AP STATS?
Inferential and Descriptive
What are Descriptive Stats?
Tell what you got , describe data you collected use pictures or summaries like mean, median, range
What are inferential Stats?
Look at data and use it to say stuff about the big picture. little sample can tell a lot about the whole population
Compare Descriptive and Inferential Stats
Descriptive explains about data you have,, inferential uses data to try to say something about an entire population
What is data?
Any collected information. generally each little measurement
What is a population?
the group you’re interested in. can be big or small
What is a sample?
a subset of a population, often taken to make inferences about the population. we calculate statistics from sample
compare population to sample
populations are generally large, and samples are small subsets of these populations. samples are used to make inferences from populations and statistics are used to estimate parameters
Compare data to statistics
data is each little bit of information collected from the subjects and are individual things collected we can summarize by ex. finding mean of a group of data. If it is a sample we call that mean a “statistic” and if we have data from each member of population its a “parameter”
compare data to parmeters
data is each little bit of information collected from the subjects and are individual things collected we can summarize by ex. finding mean of a group of data. If it is a sample we call that mean a “statistic” and if we have data from each member of population its a “parameter”
what is a parameter?
a numerical summary of a population. ex. mean, median range of a population
what is a statistic?
a numerical summary of a sample. like mean median range of a sample
We are curious about the average wait time at a Dunkin Donuts drive through in your neighborhood. You randomly sample cars one afternoon and find the average wait time is 3.2 minutes. What is the population parameter? What is the statistic? What is the parameter of interest? What is the data?
The parameter is the true average wait time at the Dunkin Donuts. This is a number you don’t have and will never know. The statistic is “3.2 minutes”. It is the average of the data you collected. The parameter of interest is the same thing as the population parameter. In this case, it is the true average wait time of all cars. The data is the wait time of each individual car, so that would be like “3.8 min, 2.2 min, .8 min, 3 min”. You take that data and find the average,, that average is called a “statistic,” and you use that to make an inference about the true parameter.
Compare Data-statistic-parameter using categorical example
Data are individual measures, like meal preferences “taco, taco pasta, etc.” Statistics and parameters are summaries. a statistic would be “42% of sample prefer tacos” and a parameter would be “42% of population preferred tacos.”
Compare data-statistic-parameter using quantitative example
Data are individual measures, like how long a person can hold their breath. “45 sec, 64 sec, 32 sec, 68 sec” that is the raw data. Statistics and parameters are summaries like “the average breath holding time in the sample was 52.4 seconds” and a parameter would be “the average breath holding time in the population was 52.4 seconds”
What is a census?
Like a sample of the entire population, you get information from every member of the population
Does a census make sense?
A census is ok for small populations (like Mr. Nystom’s students) but impossible if you want to survey “all US teens”
What is the difference between a parameter and a statistic?
Both are a single numbers summarizing a larger group of numbers but pppp parameters come from pppp populations sss statistics come from ssss statistics
If I take a random sample of 20 hamburgers from five guys and count the number of pickles on a bunch of them.. and one of them has 9 pickles, then the number 99 from that burger would be called ___?
a datum, or a data value
If I take a random sample 20 hamburgers from FIVE GUYS and count the number of pickles on a bunch of them… and the average number of pickles was 9.5, then 9.5 is considered a ___?
statistic (summary of a sample)