Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

9 AP Psychology > AP Psychology Unit 1 > Flashcards

AP Psychology Unit 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Who founded Structuralism?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Wilhelm Wundt was the person who separated ___ ____ as a separate, formal field

A

Modern Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Structuralism used ______ to explore the elemental structure of the mind

A

Introspection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Introspection?

A

It is the process of examining or observing one’s own mental and emotional processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functionalism was founded by

A

William James

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

William James wrote the 1st ___ ____ and was the 1st ___ ___ at Harvard

A

Psych Textbook, Psych Professor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the focus of functionalism?

A

It states that a mental state does not depend upon the individual but solely on its function. Therefore what makes a thought, desire, pain depends on its function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Psychoanalytic was founded by

A

Sigmund Freud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The Main Focus of Psychoanalytic and what Sigmund Freud believed about the brain was that:

A

The Unconscious mind controls much of our thoughts and Action( What Freud believed) and the Unconscious Motives and Conflicts influence our Behavior(Focus of Psychoanayltic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Free Association Technique about?

A

Asking patients randomly about whatever thoughts, words, and images come freely to mind and the researcher sits there taking notes and listening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Behavioral was founded 3 People who are

A

Ivan Pavlov, John B Watson, B.F Skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Focus of Behavioral is that

A

The mind is not important but rather the behavior matters. Behavior can be altered by rewards and punishments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

John B Watson was the main founder of _____ did the famous experiment called

A

Behaviorlism, Baby Albert Experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ivan Pavlov mainly experimented with

A

Dogs and their digestion and salivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

B.F Skinner invented the ___ ___ which did not take into account of ___ ___ and _____

A

Skinner Box, Internal Thoughts, Feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Psychodynamic was founded by

A

Neo Freudians (Carl Jung)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Its focus is that

A

Unconscious Motives and Actions affect our behavior (same as Psychoanalytic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Humanistic was founded by

A

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The Main Focus of Humanistic is that

A

Individual Choices affect and Influence our Behavior (Free Will)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Abraham Maslow created the

A

Hierarchy of Needs and Self-Actualization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Humanistic is a direct response to _____

A

Behavioral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cognitive was mainly founded by

A

Jean Piaget

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cognitive Approach is about

A

How we process/retrieve/ store information and how all these processes affect our behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Schemas?

A

It is a cognitive framework and concept which helps organize and interpret information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Biological Approach was founded by

A

James Olds and Roger Sparry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The Focus of Biological is about

A

How Physiological and Chemical Changes in our brain influence our behavior and how the body and the brain are able to allow emotions, memories, and sensory experiments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

James Olds found the

A

Reward System in the Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What was Roger Sparry’s Experiment About?

A

He showed that when the two hemispheres of the brain were separated by severing the Corpus Callosum, the hemispheres start to transmit less information between each other and the two hemispheres act as different brains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Who Invented Sociocultural Approach?

A

Vygotsky

30
Q

What is the focus of Sociocultural Approach?

A

How Situations and Cultures affect people’s thoughts and actions and how people’s thoughts and behaviors vary among people living in different cultures

31
Q

What is the Hindsight Bias?

A

It is known as “ I knew it all along” Phenomenon. It is a type of bias where you believed you knew the answer all along but you did not

32
Q

What is a Hypothesis?

A

It is a prediction that is able to be tested; often supported by a theory

33
Q

What is a Theory?

A

It is an Explanation which uses a set of Principles to Organize and Predict Observations

34
Q

What are Operational Definitions?

A

It is a Step-By-Step Procedure for the researcher to use in order to measure a Specific Variable

35
Q

What is a Population?

A

It is a certain group of people who you are trying to get a data from

36
Q

What is a Sampling Bias?

A

It is a problem when the sample is not representative of the population from which it is drawn

37
Q

What is a Random Sample?

A

When a sample is randomly drawn in order to test the Hypothesis. Happens when everybody have the same likelihood of being chosen

37
Q

What is a Representative Sample?

A

It is an Identical Representation of the Population but in smaller numbers

37
Q

What is an Replicable Experiment?

A

The experiment is able to be redone to see if the basic finding will extend to other situations

38
Q

What is an Reliable Experiment?

A

A reliable Experiment produces Consistent Results. Results are Consistent when the Operational Definition is clearly explained

39
Q

What is a Valid Experiment?

A

When during the Experiment, you are measuring what you want to measure

40
Q

What is a Correlation?

A

A Correlation measures the extent to which two factors vary together, either positive, negative, or none at all

41
Q

What is a Correlation Coefficient (R Score)?

A

It is a score ranging from -1.00 to 1.00 that tells us how strong the correlation is
- The farther from 0, the stronger is the correlation, regardless of whether it is positive or negative

42
Q

What is Case Study About?

A

It is about examining a person or a group in hope that the person or the group reveals information

43
Q

Who developed Case Study?

A

It was developed by Jean Piaget when he was developing a theory of cognitive development

44
Q

What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of a Case Study?

A

Advantages: Through Case Study, you are able to know the subject very well
Disadvantages: A Case Study is Expensive, Takes a Lot of Time, You can mistakenly Judge the Subject and Therefore Lead to False Conclusions

45
Q

What is Naturalistic Observation?

A

It is about Observing and Recording Behavior In a Natural Setting

46
Q

What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Naturalistic Observation?

A

Advantages: You are able to get a Good Snapshot of Life

Disadvantages: Naturalistic Observations take a lot of time, can possibly disrupt the environment, And sometimes do not show the true behavior of organisms

47
Q

What is a Survey about?

A

It is about obtaining the opinions or behavior of a particular group

48
Q

What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Surveys?

A

Advantages: Surveys cost less, they are fast and easy to gather data
Disadvantages: Surveys have a high chance of getting biased sample

49
Q

What is Social Desirability Bias?

A

It is a bias that makes the subject want to change his answer in order to fit with society and not to stand out

50
Q

What is Wording Effect?

A

The results of the survey can be possibly changed if the wording of the survey was different

51
Q

What is a Possible False Consensus Effect?

A

When it seems like a large group of agree with you on a certain topic but in reality, not much people do

52
Q

What is a Opportunity Sample?

A

Where for a survey, you choose people who are closer to you, thus making the Survey Biased

53
Q

What does an Experimental Method Do?

A

It manipulates Variables to show cause and Effect

54
Q

What is the only method that shows cause and effect?

A

Experimental Method

55
Q

What is the Experimental Condition?

A

It is the part of the random sample which gets tested on

56
Q

What is the Control Condition?

A

The part of the sample which remains unchanged to see the effects of the Experimental Condition

57
Q

What is a Single-Blind Procedure?

A

It is a procedure where the subject does not know who is getting what
- Less Bias/ Less Confounding Variables

58
Q

What is a Double-Blind Procedure?

A

It is a procedure where neither the subjects nor the administrators know who is getting what
- Even Less Bias

59
Q

What is the Placebo Effect?

A

When your Body and Brain Respond to Getting Treatment, making it feel like it actually helps you when it doesn’t
- “ I feel so much better! Oh wait, was I in the Control Group”

60
Q

What Is the Independent Variable?

A

It is the variable that is being changed/ manipulated

61
Q

What is the Dependent Variable?

A

What is being Measured

62
Q

What is a Confounding Variable?

A

It is when in an Experiment, a variable other than the independent variable affects the dependent variable

63
Q

What is a Random Assignment?

A

Assigning Participants to Experimental and Control Condition, minimizes the effect of Confounding Variables

64
Q

What is Illusory Correlation?

A

It is the perception of an relationship, even though no such relationship exists
- The basis for many superstitions

65
Q

What is the Standard Deviation?

A

It is the way how scores are varied around the Mean

66
Q

In a Normal Distribution Graph what are the percentages between
- One standard deviation from the mean
- Two standard deviation from the mean
- Three Standard Deviation from the mean

A

68%, 95%, 98%

67
Q

What is the Z Score?

A

It is the one specific score in the Standard Deviation, so it will be like 1,2,3 etc.

68
Q

What is the Statistical Significance (P- Value)

A

It is the numerical Value of the results of a study due to chance

69
Q

You want your P value to be less than

A

5% or 0.05

9 AP Psychology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions