AP Psych Therapy

Question 0

eclectic approach

Answer 0

psychotherapeutic approach that uses techniques from various forms of therapy depending on the patient’s problem

Question 1

psychotherapy

Answer 1

treatment involving psychological techniques

Question 2

psychoanalysis

Answer 2

• Freud’s therapy
• utilizes free association, projective tests, Freudian slips, and dream interpretations
• aim: uncover the unconscious conflict

Question 3

resistance

Answer 3

blocking of anxiety-laden material from consciousness

Question 4

interpretation

Answer 4

analyst notes of resistance, significant behavior, slips, etc. to figure out the meaning and gain insight

Question 5

transference

Answer 5

patients’ transferring of emotions linked to other relationships to therapists

Question 6

countertransference

Answer 6

therapists developing feelings for clients

Question 7

psychodynamic therapy

Answer 7

• therapy deriving from psychoanalysis
• believes less on sexual impulses but sticks with unconscious forces and childhood experiences as sources of problems
• aim: seek self-insight
• looks for recurring themes & talks to patients face-to-face

Question 8

interpersonal psychology

Answer 8

• aim: relieve symptoms in the here and now

- provides insight to roots of difficulty (usually works very well for depression)

Question 9

insight therapies

Answer 9

variety of therapies that aim to improve patients’ psychological functioninng by increasing awareness of underlying motives and defenses

Question 10

client-centered therapy

person-centered therapy

Answer 10

• Carl Rogers’s therapy based on the humanistic approach
• focuses on person’s conscious self-perceptions
• nondirective therapy; transference is irrelevant
• therapists listen, provide acknowledgement, and reflect to seek clarification + help patients figure out their own problems
• emphasizes empathy, acceptance, and genuineness

Question 11

active listening

Answer 11

empathic listening that involves echoing, acknowledging, restating, etc.

Question 12

unconditional positive regard

Answer 12

caring, accepting, and nonjudgmental attitude that aids clients to achieve self-acceptance and self-awareness

Question 13

behavior therapy

Answer 13

• based on the belief that all behavior is learned
• aim: teach people new ways of behaving/rid of unwanted and maladaptive behaviors
• uses classical conditioning, operant conditioning, observational learning

Question 14

counterconditioning

Answer 14

using classical conditioning to evoke new responses

Question 15

behavioral contracting

Answer 15

using rewards to condition people

Question 16

token economy

Answer 16

system wherein people earn tokens of sorts in lieu of rewards and collect them to exchange for desirable items later

Question 17

exposure therapy

Answer 17

exposing people to things they fear or avoid to counter phobias

Question 18

systematic desensitization

Answer 18

exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli

Question 19

flooding

Answer 19

full-intensity exposure to feared object with consent

Question 20

virtual reality exposure therapy

Answer 20

anxiety treatment that gradually exposes people to simulations of the things they fear (i.e flying)

Question 21

aversive conditioning

Answer 21

associates unpleasant state with unwanted behavior to rid of it (i.e A Clockwork Orange - criminal gets exposed to images of violence paired with Beethoven music after taking a nauseating drug -> becomes sick when he hears Beethoven or sees violence)

Question 22

cognitive therapy

Answer 22

• therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting
• believes that thoughts intervene between events and emotional reactions
• aim: replace irrational thoughts with healthier thoughts, end cycle of negative thinking

Question 23

stress inoculation training

Answer 23

teach people to restructure their thinking in stressful situations

Question 24

Aaron Beck

Answer 24

- cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) - aim: identify cause of cycle of negative thinking and rid of it - automatic negative thought: we typically think negatively of/to ourselves without much notice - repeating a automatic negative thought: causes distortion in self-perception and world interpretation

Question 25

Albert Ellis

Answer 25

- rational-emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) - belief: distress is caused by irrational and self-defeating beliefs based on "should"s and "must"s that leave no room for mistake - directive therapy - aim: challenge clients' irrational beliefs to let them reason for themselves

Question 26

gestalt therapy

Answer 26

- emphasizes wholeness of personality - attempts to reawaken people to their emotions and sensation in the here-and-now - encourages confrontation with issues - therapist is active and directive - aim: help clients take ownership of problems - technique: Socratic questioning & encouraging the usage of "I" statements

Question 27

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Answer 27

integrative therapy that aim to change not only pattern of thinking but also patterns of behavior

Question 28

family therapy

Answer 28

treatment to family as a whole system; encourages member to work together to resolve conflict and tension

Question 29

regression toward the mean

Answer 29

tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back towards their average

Question 30

meta-analysis

Answer 30

statistical procedure that combines results of many different research studies

Question 31

evidence-based practice

Answer 31

clinical decision-making that integrates the bet available research with clinical expertise, patient characteristics, and preferences

Question 32

psychopharmacology

Answer 32

study of the effects of drugs on cognition and behavior

Question 33

biomedical therapy

Answer 33

prescribed medications or medical procedures that at directly on the nervous system

Question 34

antipsychotic

Answer 34

- treatment for schizophrenia or psychosis by dampening responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli - blocks dopamine receptors - most common: Thorazine (tranquilizer)

Question 35

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 35

neurotoxic side effect from prolonged usage of antipsychotic (5+ years) that causes involuntary movements of facial muscles, tongue, limbs, etc.

Question 36

antianxiety drugs

Answer 36

used to control anxiety, can cause physiological dependence

Question 37

antidepressants

Answer 37

- used to treat depression (now also commonly prescribed for anxiety) - different types alter various neurotransmitters - SSRIs block serotonin reuptake OR MAOi inhibits enzymes in charge of breaking down serotonin -> more serotonin activity - SSRIs are most common, MAOi is last resort because of horrible side effects

Question 38

mood-stabilizing drug

Answer 38

- used to stabilize mood swings usually prevalent in bipolar disorder - lithium: natural salt that works as a mood-stabilizer to prevent mania and suicide; researches do not know how it alleviates symptoms

Question 39

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 39

- last-resort "shock" biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients - brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient; causes brief convulsions and temporary loss of consciousness - "reset" brain with electrical activity; appears to boost neurogenesis

Question 40

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Answer 40

application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain to stimulate or suppress brain activity

Question 41

psychosurgery

Answer 41

rare and risky surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior (i.e prefrontal lobotomy)

Question 42

lobotomy

Answer 42

- now-rare psychosurgical procedure used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients by severing the nerves connecting the frontal lobes the emotion-controlling centers of inner brain - permanent side effect: immature, lethargic, and uncreative people

Question 43

resilience

Answer 43

strength to cope with stress