AP Psych Historical Figures Flashcards
-400 BC
-nativist/innate
-character, intelligence, traits
-nature side
-he felt certain mental illness were passed down/inherited
Plato
-400 BC
-Greek Surgeon
-father of modern medicine
-argued that for every physical problem, there is a physical cause
-every single person should be diagnosed as an individual patient
-imbalance of four humors/liquids cause any mental or physical problem
-four liquids: blood, mucus, black and yellow bile (stomach acids)
Hippocrates
-350 BC
-empiricist/environment
-learning, memory, motivation, perception, emotion, personality
-actual experimenting
-nurture side
-depended on environment grew up in
Aristotle
-150
-Roman surgeon
-first to dissect and write about the human body/nervous system
-used dead slaves, criminals, monkeys for dissection
Galen
-1650
-French
-dualism (mind/body), “puppet”, reflexes
-dualism (mind/body)- saw mind as identity of its own
ex. If you lose an arm, you can put a new prosthetic arm on, and still be yourself. But if you remove your brain, the same can’t happen.
-proved dualism through reflexes
-he thought we could move body through blood pressure
Rene Descartes
-1650
-British
-“tabula rasa” (blank slate)
-we are all born equal
-nurture side
John Locke
-time of nerves
-measured the speed of thought (how long it took for a nerve to go from the brain to a limb)
-studied why we see colors the way we do (red, green, and blue)
Hermann von Helmholtz
-natural selection
-Silver Fox Study
Charles Darwin
-introspection (looking within/self-reporting)
-University of Leipzig, first class, lab, textbook
-first person to call himself a psychologist
-textbook was just for his class
Wilhem Wundt
-structuralism
-want to understand structures of mind and thought
-break the mind down in order to predict what will happen (remember box and button story)
Edward Titchener
-functionalism (the why)
-Johns Hopkins University first lab in America; founded the APA
-why not what
-finding reasons
G.Stanley Hall
-first comprehensive psychology textbook (commercially available)
William James
-memory
-studied how long it took to remember and forget things
Hermann Ebbinghaus
-first women APA President
Mary Calkins
Sigmund Freud
-personality, psychotherapy-psychanalysis)
-most famous psychologist
-argued that humans have subconscious memories
Ex. Bully that wore a pink shirt. Later on, you see someone in pink shirt, and you are triggered.
Gestaltists (Wetheimer, Koffka, Kohler)
-German psychologists that realized that context must be put into everything
-most of work on visual/optical stuff
Margaret Washburn
First woman with PhD (in psychology)
Edwin Thorndike
-cats/rats, rewards
-would put cats in puzzle boxes with a reward of food if they got out
-law of effect/reward: if someone does something and it works, he or she are more likely to do it again
Ivan Pavlov
classical conditioning
-studied digestive system
-hypothesized we drool to help break down food
-dog and drooling experiment
-food=drool, man=food, so man=drool
John Watson
Behaviorism (trained to do things)
-trained kids to fear things
-little Albert and white fluffy rat experiment
B.F. Skinner
operant conditioning
Jean Piaget
child development
Noam Chomsky
-language, critical periods
Abraham Maslow
-hierarchy of needs
-not allowed to be good until you satisfy basic needs such as hunger and security
