AP Psych Historical Figures

Question 1

-400 BC
-nativist/innate
-character, intelligence, traits
-nature side
-he felt certain mental illness were passed down/inherited

Answer 1

Plato

Question 2

-400 BC
-Greek Surgeon
-father of modern medicine
-argued that for every physical problem, there is a physical cause
-every single person should be diagnosed as an individual patient
-imbalance of four humors/liquids cause any mental or physical problem
-four liquids: blood, mucus, black and yellow bile (stomach acids)

Answer 2

Hippocrates

Question 3

-350 BC
-empiricist/environment
-learning, memory, motivation, perception, emotion, personality
-actual experimenting
-nurture side
-depended on environment grew up in

Answer 3

Aristotle

Question 4

-150
-Roman surgeon
-first to dissect and write about the human body/nervous system
-used dead slaves, criminals, monkeys for dissection

Answer 4

Galen

Question 5

-1650
-French
-dualism (mind/body), “puppet”, reflexes
-dualism (mind/body)- saw mind as identity of its own
ex. If you lose an arm, you can put a new prosthetic arm on, and still be yourself. But if you remove your brain, the same can’t happen.
-proved dualism through reflexes
-he thought we could move body through blood pressure

Answer 5

Rene Descartes

Question 6

-1650
-British
-“tabula rasa” (blank slate)
-we are all born equal
-nurture side

Answer 6

John Locke

Question 7

-time of nerves
-measured the speed of thought (how long it took for a nerve to go from the brain to a limb)
-studied why we see colors the way we do (red, green, and blue)

Answer 7

Hermann von Helmholtz

Question 8

-natural selection
-Silver Fox Study

Answer 8

Charles Darwin

Question 9

-introspection (looking within/self-reporting)
-University of Leipzig, first class, lab, textbook
-first person to call himself a psychologist
-textbook was just for his class

Answer 9

Wilhem Wundt

Question 10

-structuralism
-want to understand structures of mind and thought
-break the mind down in order to predict what will happen (remember box and button story)

Answer 10

Edward Titchener

Question 11

-functionalism (the why)
-Johns Hopkins University first lab in America; founded the APA
-why not what
-finding reasons

Answer 11

G.Stanley Hall

Question 12

-first comprehensive psychology textbook (commercially available)

Answer 12

William James

Question 13

-memory
-studied how long it took to remember and forget things

Answer 13

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Question 14

-first women APA President

Answer 14

Mary Calkins

Question 15

Sigmund Freud

Answer 15

-personality, psychotherapy-psychanalysis)
-most famous psychologist
-argued that humans have subconscious memories

Ex. Bully that wore a pink shirt. Later on, you see someone in pink shirt, and you are triggered.

Question 16

Gestaltists (Wetheimer, Koffka, Kohler)

Answer 16

-German psychologists that realized that context must be put into everything
-most of work on visual/optical stuff

Question 17

Margaret Washburn

Answer 17

First woman with PhD (in psychology)

Question 18

Edwin Thorndike

Answer 18

-cats/rats, rewards
-would put cats in puzzle boxes with a reward of food if they got out
-law of effect/reward: if someone does something and it works, he or she are more likely to do it again

Question 19

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 19

classical conditioning
-studied digestive system
-hypothesized we drool to help break down food
-dog and drooling experiment
-food=drool, man=food, so man=drool

Question 20

John Watson

Answer 20

Behaviorism (trained to do things)
-trained kids to fear things
-little Albert and white fluffy rat experiment

Question 21

B.F. Skinner

Answer 21

operant conditioning

Question 22

Jean Piaget

Answer 22

child development

Question 23

Noam Chomsky

Answer 23

-language, critical periods

Question 24

Abraham Maslow

Answer 24

-hierarchy of needs
-not allowed to be good until you satisfy basic needs such as hunger and security

Question 25

Carl Rogers

Answer 25

-humanistic
-therapy is there to make people feel better about themselves, then they can get better