AP Notes 37 38 39 40

Question 1

Fallacy

Answer 1

An erroneous argument dependent upon an unsound or illogical contention. There are many fallacy examples that we can find in everyday conversations.

Question 2

Logical Fallacy

Answer 2

In argumentation, a formal fallacy is a pattern of reasoning/thinking rendered invalid by a flaw in it’s logical structure that can be expressed in a standard logic system, for example: propositional logic. An argument that is
formally fallacious is always considered wrong.

Question 3

PROPHECY

Answer 3

Many believe that a prediction and a prophecy are the same, but they are mistaken. It is
true that both “forecast” the future, but there is a significant difference. A prophesy has all the
elements of a prediction except the element of time. Without the element of time, a prophecy is
hard to determine. A “prophecy” has more of a religious connotation since there is an element of
uncertainty about time.

Question 4

PREDICTION

Answer 4

A prediction is a forecast made by those who calculate the parameters of the subject
involved after evaluating the odds they can predict the future. The weather forecast is a good
example. A “prediction” is limited to a time element, unlike a prophesy.