AP notes 32-52

Question 1

Counterargument

Answer 1

an argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose on idea or theory developed in their argument. when writing in the argumentative mode, it is mandatory that the writer acknowledges the “other” side to his or her argument. It is part of the refutation of some else’s claim to support your own “side” of the argument that you are making.

Question 2

Claim

Answer 2

If somebody gives an argument to support his/her position, it is called a claim. Different reasons are usually presented to prove why a certain point should be accepted logical.

Question 3

Warrant

Answer 3

The glue that holds an argument together. It links the evidence to the claim. It says something like “ this evidence supports the claim because…” and it’s always sin a similar form form that is more of a statement of support of “why” your evidence supports your claim

Question 4

Evidence

Answer 4

A type of literary device that appears in different categories of essays and these are in a form of paraphrase and quotation. It is presented to persuade the readers and used with powerful arguments in the text or essay. In rhetoric, when a person makes a claim or presents an argument he needs to present evidence in support of his/her claim

Question 5

Fallacy

Answer 5

is an erroneous argument dependent upon an unsound or illogical contention. there are many fallacy examples that we can find in everyday conversations

Question 6

Logical fallacy

Answer 6

in argumentation, a formal fallacy (also called deductive fallacy) is a pattern of reasoning/ thinking rendered invalid by flaw in its logical structure that can neatly be expressed in a standard logic system, for example pro positional logic. An argument that is formally fallacious is always considered wrong.

Question 7

Prophecy

Answer 7

many believe that a prediction and a prophecy are the same thing, but they are mistaken. It is true that both “forecast” the future, but there is a significant difference. A prophecy has all the elements of a prediction except the element of time. Without the element of time, a prophecy is hard to determine. A “prophecy” has more of a religious connotation since there is an element of uncertainty, unlike a prophecy

Question 8

Prediction

Answer 8

a prediction is a forecast made by those who calculate the parameter of the subject involved after evaluating the odds they can predict the future. the weather forecast is a good example.

Question 9

adage

Answer 9

is a short, pointed and memorable saying based on facts, and is considered a veritable truth by the majority of people. Famous adages become popular due to their usage over a long period of time. In fact, an adage expresses a general fact or truth about life. as it becomes popular it then becomes universal truth

Question 10

pedantic

Answer 10

comes from a french word pedant, means “ to teach or to act pedagogue” a pedantic is someone with precision, formalism, accuracy, minute details in order to make an arrogant and ostentatious show of learning. he could be a writer, a character, feelings, or tone (finds it impossible to read criticism words on himself)

Question 11

Flippant

Answer 11

lacking proper respect or seriousness. this is often associated with the impatience youth (example: smarty pants, wise, pert, smart

Question 12

Evocative

Answer 12

the use of language that “suggest” meanings other than the denotative language that connects with emotions or feelings not associated with the actual meaning of the word.

Question 13

Syntactical inversion

Answer 13

Inversion, also called anastrophe, in literary style and rhetoric, the syntactic reversal of the normal order of the words and phrases in a sentence, as in English the placing of an adjective after the noun it modifies

Question 14

Apposition

Answer 14

is a grammatical construction in which 2 elements, normally noun, phrases, are placed side by side. with one element serving to identify the other in a different way

Question 15

didactic

Answer 15

the word didactic is frequently used for those literary text which are overloaded with informative or realistic matter and are marked by the omission of graceful and pleasing details. Therefore becomes a derogatory term referring to the forms of literature that are ostentatiously dull and erudite

Question 16

Conceit

Answer 16

is a figure of speech in which 2 vastly different objects are linked together with the help of similes an metaphors. Thus, conceit examples have a surprising or shocking effect on the reader because they are novel comparisons unlike the conventional comparisons in similes and metaphors

Question 17

Periodic sentence

Answer 17

has the main clause or predicate at the end. This is used for emphasis and can be persuasive by putting reason for something at the beginning before the final point is made. it can also create suspense or interest for the reader.

Question 18

Paradox

Answer 18

It is a statement that appears to be self contradictory or silly but may include a latent truth. it is also used to illustrate an opinion or statement contrary to accepted traditional ideas. Is often used to make a reader think over an idea in an innovative way

Question 19

Irony

Answer 19

is a figure of speech in which words are in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words. It may also be a situation that may end up in quite a different way than what is generally anticipated

Question 20

Parenthesis

Answer 20

Is a stylistic device that comes from a Greek word, meaning to place or along side. Is a qualifying or explanatory sentence, clause, or word that writers insert into a paragraph or passage. however, if they leave it out, even then grammatically it does not effect the text that is correct without