AP Notes 21-40 Flashcards
in writing or speech, the deliberate repition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect is known as anaphora. anaphora, possibly the oldest literary device, had its roots in biblical Pslams used to emphasize certain words or phrases. gradually, elizabethan and Romantic writers brought this device into practice.
anaphora
derived from Greek word that means turning upon, which indicates the same word returns at the end of each sentence. epistrophe is a stylistic device that can be defined as the repetition of phrases or words at the end of the clauses or sentences it is also called eiphora epistrophe examples are frequently found in literary pieces, in persuasive writing and speeches.
epistrophe
derived from a Greek word asyndeton which means unconnected. it is a stylistic device used in literature and poetry to intentionally eliminate conjunctions between the phrases and in the sentence, yet maintain the grammatical accuracy. this literature tool helps in reducing the indirect meaning of the phrase and presents it in a concise form. asyndeton helps in speeding up the rhythm of word. mostly this technique is employed in speech but can be used in written works too.
asyndeton
comes from a Greek word meaning “bound together”. it makes use of coordinating conjunctions like “and” or “or”, “but” and “nor” (mostly and and or) which are used to join successive words, phrases or clauses, in such a way that these conjunctions are even used where they might have been omitted.
polysyndeton
a literary device in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part. Distinguishing between this and metonymy often take some thoughtful consideration.
synecdoche
an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. it is something important for the reader to sense to determine an argument. tone is generally conveyed through the choice of words or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject.
tone
a step-by-step breakdown of the phrases of a process, used to convey the details of each phase of thinking, an operation, etc. its often used o improve understanding and also to break down an argument to make it more comprehensible.
process analysis
set of rules in a language. dictates how words from different parts of speech are put together in order to convey a complete thought. in plain English, syntax refers to how we choose to arrange our words. the choice of these specific words is called diction. thus, the 2 are closely related in creating an argument.
syntax
“diction” is our choice of words. Thus, “provocative diction” is the purposeful choice of words serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate a provocative question that will frame a rhetorical argument.
provocative diction
the action or process of classifying something according to shared qualities or characteristics. This often is a stradegy of argumentation or an argumentative response in an effort to provide the reader with structure to your argument. it would be considered a support to both logos and ethos in presenting an argument.
classification
example: you win 10 million dollars in a lottery. when you tell a news reporter “I am delighted”, you’re making an understatement. Similarly, suppose a team loses 50-0 in a soccer match and the captain says in a post-match ceremony says “we did not do well”, it is an understatement because he is trying to decrease the intensity of the loss. it is opposite of hyperbole or overstatement.
understatement
