AP lymphatic quiz Flashcards
functions of lymphatic system
lipid transport
immune defence
drain interstitial fluid
order of lymphatic flow
capillaries, vessels, trunks, ducts, veins
pumps in lymphatic system
respiratory and muscle
respiratory pump
maintained by pressure changes during inhalation. (diaphragm contracts creating higher pressure in a abdominal cavity)
muscle pump
milking action from muscles specifically calf muscles. compress lymph vessels and force it upward. same with veins
what pulls on endothelium to increase permeability
anchoring filaments
one way valves
lymphatic capillaries
right lymphatic duct drains?
right upper body and head
left lymphatic duct drains?
rest of the body
flow of lymph through vessels
afferent vessel, subcapsular sinus, trabecular sinus, medullary sinus, efferent vessel, hilum
where do the lungs drain into
bronchomediastinal
all 5 lymph nodes
1 pharyngeal
2 palatine
2 lingual
phases of phagocytosis
chemotaxis
adherence
ingestion
digestion
death
chemotaxis
phagocytes attracted to area by chemicals released by microbe or damaged cells
adherence
microbe attaches to phagocytes cell membrane
ingestion
microbe goes into cell from pseudopods
digestion
microbe merges with a lysosome with digestive enzymes that breakdown microbe wall
death
digestive enzymes digest microbe and kill it
stages of inflammation
- vasodilation, increased permeability
- emigration of phagocytes
- tissue repair
B cells born and mature in?
bone marrow
T cells born and mature in?
born in bone marrow
mature in thymus
adaptive immunity
-acquired over a lifetime
-cell mediated and antibody mediated immunity
innate immunity
-present at birth, not specific, doesn’t adapt
-first and second line of defence
first line of defence
-skin and mucous membrane
- epidermis
-mucous membranes
-hairs
-cilia
-fluids
second line of defence
-internal antimicrobial substances
-natural killer cells
-phagocytes
-inflammation
-fever
complement system
enhances immune response by using proteins to poke hole in cell membrane of microbe causing it to burst (releasing histamine). then promotes phagocytosis and contributes to inflammation
antibody actions
-neutralize antigens
-immobilize bacteria
-agglutinating and precipitating agent
-activates compliment system
-enhancing phagocytes
endogenous vs exogenous
endo: inside cell, make MHC I
exo: Outside cell, make MHC II
what is a lacteal
specialized lymphatic capillary in guts that absorbs fat
primary lymphatic organs
stem cells divide/ differentiate in red bone marrow and thymus
secondary lymphatic organs
immune response occurs in lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic nodules
thymus
located in mediastinum
active in early childhood, atrophies and is mostly gone by adulthood
cells in cortex
made of immature T cells, dendritic, epithelial cells. many T cells die here, macrophages clean up
cells in medulla
made of immature T cells, epithelial, dendritic and macrophages
outer cortex cells
B cells in lymphatic nodules
inner cortex cells
T cells and dendritic
medulla cells
B cells, antibody producing plasma and macrophages
root of travel in lymph node
afferent vessel, sub capsular sinus, trabecular sinus, medullary sinus, efferent vessel (hylum)
pyers patches location
3rd part of small intestine
what is MALT
mucous associated lymphoid tissue
first and second line of defence is part of innate immunity
are lymph capillaries bigger than blood vessels
yes and more permeable
mechanisms by which lymph gets into lymph vessels
-overlapping, crammed epithelial cells leak fluid and promote fluid entry.
-anchoring filaments
-more pressure on outside rather than in
what side is the cistern of chyli on
left side
what duct drain upper left body
left thoracic
what is it called when a cell can differentiate into another
plury potent
what’s inguinal
groin
what happens in red pulp
death of RBC’s, storage of platelets, blood cells produced during fetal life
which tonsils get removed
palatines
signs and symptoms of inflammation
prish
pain, redness, inflammation, swelling, heat
which antibody activates B cells
igD
what antibodies appear first
igM
which antibodies are found in breast milk, sweat, tears, saliva, and GI
igA
which antibody is involved in allergic and hypersensitivity reactions
igE
which cells produce antibodies
B cells AKA plasma cells
which cells are antigen presenting
macrophages, dendrites, B cells
T helper cells bind to MHC II to activate B cells
in cell mediated immunity, which cells bind MHC I
cytotoxic T cells
allergic reaction is type II
what about a lymph capillary promotes fluid flow from interstitial space
all the above
what happens in white pulp in spleen
immune functions are carried out and macrophages that destroy pathogens with phagocytosis
where is MALT found
GI tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract and respiratory airways
