AP LANG summer vocab

Question 1

to use information from multiple informational (research) sources

Answer 1

synthesize

Question 2

to explain how an author uses language to accomplish a purpose, to convey meaning, or to create an effect

Answer 2

analyze text

Question 3

to present a variety of convincing evidence to support a point, take a side, or make a judgment

Answer 3

to argue

Question 4

the ancient Greek philosopher who laid the foundation for the study of rhetoric; he defined the three appeals

Answer 4

Aristotle

Question 5

a method of persuasion in writing and speaking

Answer 5

appeal

Question 6

an appeal made through logic and reasoning

Answer 6

logos

Question 7

an appeal made to the shared values of the speaker and audience - the credibility (believability) of the writer or speaker

Answer 7

ethos

Question 8

an appeal made to one’s emotions

Answer 8

pathos

Question 9

the study of how speakers use language to convey meaning, with a focus on persuasion

Answer 9

rhetoric

Question 10

the writer or speaker

Answer 10

rhetor

Question 11

the circumstances in which writing occurs; six parts:

Answer 11

the rhetorical situation

Question 12

that which inspires, stimulates, provokes, or prompts a writer to create a text

Answer 12

exigence

Question 13

what the writer hopes to accomplish with the piece of writing

Answer 13

purpose

Question 14

the specific people the writer intends to reach; has both shared and individual beliefs, values, needs, and backgrounds

Answer 14

audience

Question 15

the time, place, and occasion; the historical, social, psychological, or emotional “climate” in which the writing occurs

Answer 15

context

Question 16

to achieve a purpose, writers make choices in an attempt to relate to an intended audience’s emotions and values

Answer 16

writer: (rhetor)

Question 17

the argument or perspective the writer intends to convey

Answer 17

message

Question 18

1st part of the rhetoric situation

Answer 18

exigence

Question 19

2nd part of the rhetoric situation

Answer 19

purpose

Question 20

3rd part of the rhetoric situation

Answer 20

audience

Question 21

4th part of the rhetoric situation

Answer 21

context

Question 22

5th part of the rhetoric situation

Answer 22

writer (rhetor)

Question 23

6th part of the rhetoric situation

Answer 23

message

Question 24

a reference to a well-known story, song, work of art, etc.

Answer 24

allusion

Question 25

repetition at the beginning of sentences

Answer 25

anaphora

Question 26

a brief story used to illustrate a point

Answer 26

anecdote

Question 27

an examination of opposites

Answer 27

antithesis

Question 28

the writer or speaker’s main point or argument

Answer 28

claim/assertion

Question 29

stating the main idea first, followed by supporting evidence

Answer 29

cumulative

Question 30

an author’s specific word choice

Answer 30

diction

Question 31

the act of placing ideas “side by side,” so to speak, in order to compare and contrast them

Answer 31

juxtaposition

Question 32

using a single aspect to refer to a larger idea: i. e., saying “the crown” to refer to royalty

Answer 32

metonymy

Question 33

a similarity in grammatical structure

Answer 33

parallelism

Question 34

introducing a set of evidence first, followed by the main idea or point

Answer 34

periodic

Question 35

covers the wide variety of ways to arrange words into phrases, sentences, and paragraphs

Answer 35

syntax

Question 36

attitude or emotion expressed through the writing or speaking

Answer 36

tone