AP LANG summer vocab Flashcards
to use information from multiple informational (research) sources
synthesize
to explain how an author uses language to accomplish a purpose, to convey meaning, or to create an effect
analyze text
to present a variety of convincing evidence to support a point, take a side, or make a judgment
to argue
the ancient Greek philosopher who laid the foundation for the study of rhetoric; he defined the three appeals
Aristotle
a method of persuasion in writing and speaking
appeal
an appeal made through logic and reasoning
logos
an appeal made to the shared values of the speaker and audience - the credibility (believability) of the writer or speaker
ethos
an appeal made to one’s emotions
pathos
the study of how speakers use language to convey meaning, with a focus on persuasion
rhetoric
the writer or speaker
rhetor
the circumstances in which writing occurs; six parts:
the rhetorical situation
that which inspires, stimulates, provokes, or prompts a writer to create a text
exigence
what the writer hopes to accomplish with the piece of writing
purpose
the specific people the writer intends to reach; has both shared and individual beliefs, values, needs, and backgrounds
audience
the time, place, and occasion; the historical, social, psychological, or emotional “climate” in which the writing occurs
context
to achieve a purpose, writers make choices in an attempt to relate to an intended audience’s emotions and values
writer: (rhetor)
the argument or perspective the writer intends to convey
message
1st part of the rhetoric situation
exigence
2nd part of the rhetoric situation
purpose
3rd part of the rhetoric situation
audience
4th part of the rhetoric situation
context
5th part of the rhetoric situation
writer (rhetor)
6th part of the rhetoric situation
message
a reference to a well-known story, song, work of art, etc.
allusion
repetition at the beginning of sentences
anaphora
a brief story used to illustrate a point
anecdote
an examination of opposites
antithesis
the writer or speaker’s main point or argument
claim/assertion
stating the main idea first, followed by supporting evidence
cumulative
an author’s specific word choice
diction
the act of placing ideas “side by side,” so to speak, in order to compare and contrast them
juxtaposition
using a single aspect to refer to a larger idea: i. e., saying “the crown” to refer to royalty
metonymy
a similarity in grammatical structure
parallelism
introducing a set of evidence first, followed by the main idea or point
periodic
covers the wide variety of ways to arrange words into phrases, sentences, and paragraphs
syntax
attitude or emotion expressed through the writing or speaking
tone
