Ap Lang Notes #55-

Question 1

ambiguity

Answer 1

ambiguity or fallacy of ambiguity is a word, phrase, or statement which contains more than one meaning. skilled writers used ambiguity with purpose and intent. HOWEVER…, most students who are just learning about language use it without thought and it detracts from their writing

Question 2

archetype

Answer 2

also known as a universal symbol, may be a character, a theme, a symbol or even a setting. many literary critics are of the opinion that arc retypes, which have a common and recurring representation in a particular human culture or entire human race, shape the structure and function of a literary work.

Question 3

function of archetype

Answer 3

the use of archetypical characters and situations gives a literary work a universal acceptance, as readers identify the characters and situation in their social and cultural context. by using common archetype the writers attempt to impart realism to their works., as the situations and characters drawn from the experience of the world.

Question 4

tragic flaw

Answer 4

a literary device that can be defined as a trait in a character leading to his downfall and the character is often the hero of the literary piece. this trait could be the lack of self-knowledge, lack of judgment and often is hubris (pride).

Question 5

assertion

Answer 5

when someone makes a statement investing his strong belief in it, as if it is true through it may not be, approach or technique involving a strong declaration.

Question 6

autobiography

Answer 6

one type of BIOGRAPHY, which tells a life story of its author, meaning it is a written record of the author’s life. rather than being written by somebody else, an AUTOBIOGRAPHY comes through the person’s own pen, in his own words

Question 7

memoir

Answer 7

a record of memories, and particular events that have taken place in the author’s life. in fact, it is the telling of a story or an event from his life; an account that goers not tell the full record of a life

Question 8

cumulative sentence

Answer 8

known as a loss sentence that starts with an independent clause or main clause, which is simple and straight, provides main idea and then adds subordinate elements or modifiers. it adds subordinate to modifying elements after the subject and the predicate. writers use theses types of sentences when they want to put forth the main idea first, and provide details to elucidate the idea further thereafter. consider how this is different from the PERIODIC SENTENCE (where the main clause is left tot he end of the sentence)

Question 9

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Answer 9

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Question 10

bildungsrome

Answer 10

a story of the growing up of a sensitive person who looks for answers to his questions through different experiences. generally, such a novel starts with a loss to a tragedy that disturbs the main character emotionally. he or she leaves on a journey to fill that vacuum

Question 11

bildungsromen

Answer 11

during the journey, the protagonist gains maturity gradually and with difficult. usually, the plot depicts a conflict between the protagonist and the values of society. finally, he or she accepts those values and they are accepted by the society, ending the dissatisfaction. such a type of novel is also known as a coming-of-age novel.

Question 12

free verse

Answer 12

a literary device that can be defined as poetry that is free from limitations of regular meter or rhythm and does not rhyme with fixed forms. such poems are without rhythms and rhyme schemes; do not follow regular rhyme scheme rules and still provide artistic expression. in this way, the poet can give his own shape to a poem how he or she desires.

Question 13

foil

Answer 13

a character that shows qualities that are in contrast with the traits of another character with the objective to highlight the traits of the other character. the term foil, though generally being applied for any comparison that is drown to portray a difference between two things

Question 14

intertextuality

Answer 14

a sophisticated literary device used in writing. in fact, it is a textual reference within some text that reflects the text used as a reference. instead of employing referential phrases from different literary works, intertextuality draws upon the concept, rhetoric or ideology from the other texts to be merged in the new text it may be the retelling of an old story, or you may rewrite the popular stories in modern context for instance, James Joyce retells “The Odyssey” in his very famous novel “Ulysses Treasure Island” and “Lord of the Flies”

Question 15

litotes

Answer 15

derived from a greek word meaning “simple”, is a figure of speech which employs an UNDERSTATEMENT by using double negatives, or, in other words, positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite expression. (not too bad)

Question 16

utopia

Answer 16

denotes an illusionary place that projects the notion of a perfect society to the reader. here, the “perfect society” refers to ideal conditions achieved within the material world as opposed to the expected idealism of afterlife in Christianity or other religions. further, the citizens presiding in such utopias are bearers of a perfect MORAL code, or at the least, every violator of the moral code is harshly punished. a utopian society is one where all social evils have been cured

Question 17

sonnet

Answer 17

derived from the Italian word “sonetto”. it means a small or little song or lyric. in poetry, a sonnet has 14 lines and is written in iambic pentameter. each one has 10 syllables. it has a specific rhyme scheme and a “Volta”

Question 18

situational irony

Answer 18

a literary device that you can easily identify in literary works. simply, it occurs when incongruity appears between expectations of something to happen, and what actually happens instead. thus, entirely different happens from what AUDIENCE may be expecting or the final outcomes opposite to what the audience is expecting. it is also known as irony of situations that generally include sharp contrast and contradictions. the purpose of ironic situation is to allow the readers to make a distinction between appearances and realities, and eventually associate them to the THEME of a story

Question 19

static character

Answer 19

one that does not undergo inner changes or undergoes a little change. it is a character that does not develop..

Question 20

vernacular

Answer 20

a literary genre that uses daily used language in writing and speaking. it is different from written works, as they normally follow the formal variety of language. the word “vernacular” refers to writing or ages in different countries of europe

Question 21

vernacular vs. Dialect

Answer 21

vernacular is the use of ordinary, everyday and plain language in speaking or writing, such as corn is a common name of a plant, and its scientific name is Maize or Zea mays, whereas dialect is related to a particular region, geographical area, a particular social class, or an occupational group. also, it uses a distinguished pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar, such as people in Shanghai has different pronunciation or dialect than in Yunnan

Question 22

eulogy

Answer 22

greek meaning to praise somebody or something. a literary device that is a laudatory expression in a speech, or a written tribute to a person deceased recently.

Question 23

dialect

Answer 23

the language used by specific people of an area, class, district, or any other group of people. refers to spelling, sounds, grammar, and punctuation used by a particular group.

Question 24

hubris

Answer 24

extreme pride and arrogance shown by a character that ultimately brings about his downfall. a good TONE WORD!! can be found in the author’s attitude toward the reader

Question 25

anti-hero

Answer 25

a literary device used by a writer for a prominent character in a play or book that has characteristics opposite to that of a conventional hero. the protagonist is generally admired for his bravery, strength, charm, ingenuity, etc., while an anti-hero is typically clumsy, unsolicited, and unskilled and has both good and bad qualities. the origin of this literary device is marked in 1714 but there have been literary figures who believe that the concept of an anti-hero existed well before that, recently the usage of the anti-hero in television and books has increased and become bolder than ever. nowadays, there are thousands of shows, books, and movies that portray such characters, who are widely admired by the audience

Question 26

band-wagon

Answer 26

ap persuasive technique and a type of propaganda through which a writer persuades his readers, so that majority could agree with the argument of the writer, suggesting that since the majority agrees, the readers should too, such as “everyone is voting for David, so definitely he is the best presidential candidate.” the other phrase bandwagon means, “jump on the bandwagon” or to follow what others are conforming or doing.

Question 27

Bandwagon-function:

Answer 27

the purpose of the technique is to make the audience think and act in a way that the majority follows. this tendency of following the beliefs and actions occurs when the audience sees others are also conforming. we see its usage in literature, politics, and advertisements, etc. bandwagon is in fact a good approach for persuasive writing that successfully works on human minds and psychology. conversely, writers often use it as a pressure static by creating a sense of fear among the readers if they do not agree with their beliefs

Question 28

propaganda

Answer 28

used in mass media advertising, politics, and literature. it is a very popular technique in academic commentary and is taken as an interchangeable form of communication. the primary function is to persuade the readers and mold their perceptions about a particular cause. in addition, it aims at getting a response of respondents and let them adopt a certain action because merely securing a commitment or assent would not be enough for making this technique successful in securing its purpose.