ap lang Flashcards
Didactic
This means “teaching”. These words have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, to teach moral or ethical principles.
Extended Metaphor
developed at great lengths, occurs throughout the work
Figurative Language
the umbrella term for all uses of language that imply an imaginative comparison
Euphemism
Pushing daisies is an example of this.
Fiction
word meaning to invent, to dream, to imagine. something is invented
Hyperbole
a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used to achieve emphasis
Ethos
Rhet. Strat is used to appeal to ethics/ credibility. or characteristic spirit
Diction
An authors choice of words.
Logos
Rhet. strat is used for appealing to logic or reasoning.
Denotation
Strict literal word, no emotion.
Metonymy
fig. of speech referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it. A crown is associated with royalty.
Invective
emotionally violent language
Juxtaposition
two contrasting ideas or words are placed next to each other for comparison. Shed light on both elements.
Verbal Irony
words literally state the opposite of the writer’s/speaker’s meaning
Situational Irony
Plot twist. The event turn out the opposite of what was expected.
Genre
Prose, poetry, and drama is an example of this.
Foreshadow
purposeful hint placed in the works to suggest what will happen later.
Exposition
writing or speech that is organized to explain
Imagery
the mental picture that is conjured by words and associations
Dramatic Irony
I know the secret but some characters don’t.
The Bandwagon Fallacy
“three out of four people think X brand toothpaste cleans teeth best” is an example of what
The appeal to Authority
Relying heavily on a person because of their “expertise”
The Straw Man fallacy
Your opponent is over-simplifying your argument to make is seem weak
The Hasty Generalization
Drawing conclusions with inadequate or insufficient evidence.
The slothful Induction
when sufficient logical evidence strongly indicates a particular conclusion is true, but someone fails to acknowledge it, instead attributing the outcome to coincidence or something unrelated entirely.
The texas sharpshooter
When the person has a predetermined conclusion and cherry-pick evidence to support that conclusion
The correlation/causation
Two things that are unrelated are used for comparison to prove that one thing cause the other
The Anecdotal
Uses personal experience rather than logical evidence
The Burden of Proof
If the person is trying to prove X it is their job to prove that is true with evidence. Just because there is no evidence does not mean the it is true.
The middle ground
Belief that the compromise is always the best option.
The personal incredulity
A lack of understand isn’t enough to render a claim
The No true Scotsman
Rely on universal generalizations to deflect the rebuttal “all cops eat donuts”
The ad hominem
Attacking the person rather than the arguement
The false dilemma
There are only two extremes to pick from. There is no middle ground.
Abstract
Hunger is ____ hamburger is concrete. words given qualities but cannot be seen
Allegory
the characters represent bigger ideas or concepts. There is another bigger meaning of it in addition to the basic one.
Alliteration
repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words
Allusion
reference to another thing, idea, or person
Ambiguity
it is uncertain or indefinite; subject to more than one interpretation
Analogy
thinking about the correspondence to two things that are essentially different
Anecdote
short interesting story proposed to demonstrate a point
Antithesis
The opposition or contrast of ideas; the direct opposite. Purposely juxtaposed. Creates a definite and systematic relationship between ideas
Apostrophe
addressing and non-existent person or abstract ideas that presents them as capable of understanding feelings.
Aphorism
terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle.
Asyndeton
omitting conjunctions between words,phrases, or clauses. exaggerate ex “he was brave, fearless, afraid of nothing.
Atmosphere
emotional feeling of mood of a scene or event
Attitude
the speaker’s feeling towards a subject, person, or idea
Caricature
purpose of which is to exaggerate or distort for comic effect. Could be physical features or other characteristics.
Colloquial
use of slang or informalities , Local or regional dialects.
Concrete Diction
“Mary walked into the restaurant” is more general vs “Mary paraded into Red Lobster” is more specific
Connotation
associative meaning of a word, implied or suggested meaning
Mood
the emotional response that the writer wishes to evoke in the reader through a story
Onomatopoeia
Word that has a sound associated with it
Pathos
appeal to emotion
Personification
Giving human traits to inanimate objects
Repetition
Repeating of words
Rhetoric
Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific situations.
Rhetorical strategy
Rhetorical strategies, or devices as they are generally called, are words or word phrases that are used to convey meaning, provoke a response from a listener or reader and to persuade during communication.
Rhetorical question
a question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer.
Sarcasm
the use of irony to mock or convey contempt.
Semantics
means the meaning and interpretation of words, signs, and sentence structure.
Syllogism
A form of deductive reasoning in which pieces are used to create a new conclusion
Syntax
Refers to the way words are arranged
Theme
The central idea of a work
Tone
the general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation, etc.
Voice
the unique style of the author which conveys the author’s views and personality within the writing
