AP Human Geography

Question 1

Fordism

Answer 1

Mass production in which each employee is given a specific task to continuously perform

Question 2

Offshoring

Answer 2

The practice of exporting U.S. jobs to lower paid employees in other nation

Question 3

Outsourcing

Answer 3

A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers

Question 4

Deindustrialization

Answer 4

A process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to a service economy and to work through a period of high unemployment

Question 5

Special Economic Zones (SEZ)

Answer 5

specific area within a country in which tax and investment incentives are implemented to attract foreign (and domestic) businesses and investment

Question 6

Export processing zones

Answer 6

are areas found in many regions of the developing world. They provide incentives for foreign companies to conduct their business in developing regions. They provide benefits to the developing world in the form of foreign investments and improved employment opportunities

Question 7

New International Division of Labor

Answer 7

Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid, less-skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries

Question 8

Post-Fordism

Answer 8

(the world-economy now) a more flexible set of production practices in which the component of goods are made in different places around the globe and then brought together is needed to meet market demand-brings places closer together in time and space

Question 9

Multiplier Effect

Answer 9

Describes the expansion of an area’s economic base as a result of the basic and non-basic industries located there

Question 10

Aglomeration

Answer 10

A localized economy in which a large number of companies and industries cluster together and benefit from the cost reductions and gains in efficiency that result from this proximity.

Question 11

Economies of Scale

Answer 11

The savings in cost per unit due to increasing the level of production (think Fordism). Example - Agribusiness produces cheaper crops and finished goods than traditional farming, in part, because they produce at a large scale

Question 12

Just-in-Time Delivery

Answer 12

Method of inventory management made possible by efficient transportation and communication systems, whereby companies keep on hand just what they need for near-term production, planning that what they need for longer-term production will arrive when needed

Question 13

High Technology Industries

Answer 13

the high-tech sector can be defined as industries having high concentrations of workers in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) occupations

Question 14

Growth Pole

Answer 14

he concentration of highly innovative and technically advanced industries that stimulate economic development in linked businesses and industries.

Question 15

Sustainable Development

Answer 15

development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Question 16

Resource Depletion

Answer 16

the consumption of a resource faster than it can be replenished. … Resource depletion is most commonly used in reference to farming, fishing, mining, water usage, and consumption of fossil fuels

Question 17

Environmental Pollution

Answer 17

the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. … Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can also be created by human activity, such as trash or runoff produced by factories

Question 18

Tertiary

Answer 18

is also called the service sector and involves the selling of services and skills. They also include the selling goods and products from primary and secondary industries

Question 19

Economic Sectors

Answer 19

A sector is a category/activity of the economy in which businesses share the same or a related product or service.
This can be on a local, regional, national, or global scale.
Sectors of the Economy: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary and Quinary

Question 20

Primary

Answer 20

includes any industry involved in the extraction and production of raw materials, such as agriculture, logging, fishing, and mining.

Question 21

Secondary

Answer 21

covers all those activities consisting in varying degrees of processing of raw materials (manufacturing, construction industries).

Question 22

Quaternary Sector

Answer 22

consists of those industries providing information services, such as computing, ICT (information and communication technologies), consultancy (offering advice to businesses) and R&D (research, particularly in scientific fields) and high-tech goods.

Question 23

Quinary Sector

Answer 23

the part of the economy where the top-level decisions are made. This includes the government which passes legislation. It also comprises the top decision-makers in industry, commerce and also the education sector