AP Human Geo Unit 5 Flashcards
What is
Agriculture
(Deliberate … of Earth’s surface through … of … and … of animals to obtain … or economic gain)
Deliberate modification of Earth’s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain
This was the answer
What is
Subsistence Agriculture
(production of … primarily for … by the farmer’s …)
Production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer’s family
This was the answer
What is:
Commercial Agriculture
(production of … primarily for sale off the …)
Production of food primarily for sale off the farm
This was the answer
What is:
Intensive Agriculture
(farming that uses a lot of …, labor, …, etc. in order to grow as many … or keep as many … as possible on the amount of … …)
Farming that uses a lot of machinery, labor, chemicals, etc. in order to grow as many crops or keep as many animals as possible on the amount of land available
This was the answer
What is:
Extensive agriculture
(farming that uses tra… methods and uses less … and … than more modern methods in order to farm fairly … … of land)
Farming that uses traditional methods and uses less labor and investment than more modern methods in order to farm fairly large areas of land
This was the answer
What is:
Pastoral Nomadism
(a form of … agriculture based on the … of … animals)
A form of subsistence agriculture based on the herding of domesticated animals
This was the answer
What is:
Shifting Cultivation
(Slash and Burn)
(farmers clear … for … by slashing … and … the debris. Farmers grow … on a cleared field for only a … years, until … nutrients are …, and then leave it … for many … so the … can recover)
Farmers clear land for planting by slashing vegetation and burning the debris. Farmers grow crops on a cleared field for only a few years, until soil nutrients are depleted, and then leave it fallow for many years so the soil can recover
This was the answer
What is:
Intensive Subsistence
(subsistence that uses practice … over … of years and most of the work is done by … or with animals rather than with …, in part due to … labor but largely from lack of … to buy …)
Subsistence that uses practice refined over thousands of years and most of the work is done by hand or with animals rather than with machines, in part due to abundant labor but largely ffrom lack of funds to buy equipment
This was the answer
What is:
Plantation Farming
(Farming that’s generally … in developing …, and often owned/operated by … or … …cans, and they grow … for sale primarily to developed …s)
Farming that’s generally situated in developing contries, and often owned/operated by Europeans or North Americans, and they grow crops for sale primarily to developed countries
This was the answer
What is:
Mixed Crop Livestock
(The … of … and …stock. Most of the … are fed to animals rather than … directly by …s)
The integration of crops and livestock. Most of the crops are fed to animals rather than consumed directly by humans
This was the answer
What is:
Commercial Gardening and Fruit Farming
(Frequently called … farming, from the … … word truck, meaning “…” or “… of commodities/…” Truck farms grow many … and … that consumers in … countries …)
Frequently called truck farming, from the Middle English word truck, meaning “barter” or “exchange of commodities/goods.” Truck farms grow many fruits and vegtables that consumers in developed countries demand
This was the answer
What is:
Dairy Farming
(Farming that specializes in the … of … and other …-based products)
Farming that specializes in the production of milk and other milk-based products
This was the answer
What is:
Grain Farming
(The major … on most farms, such as …, corn, …, barley, …, and miller)
The major crop on most farms, such as wheat, corn, oats, barley, rice and millet
This was the answer
What is:
Mediterranean Agriculture
(Agriculture that exists primarily on the lands that border the … … in … …, North …, and … Asia.)
Agriculture that exists primarily on the lands that border the Mediterranean Sea in Southern Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. Farmers in California, central Chile, the southwestern part of South Africa, and southwestern Austrailia practice Mediterranean agriculture as well
This was the answer
What is:
Horticulture
(the growing of …, …, …, and tree …)
The growing of fruits, vegtables, flowers, and tree crops (form the commercial base of Mediterranean farming)
This was the answer
What is:
Livestock Ranching
(the … grazing of … over an … area)
The commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area
This was the answer
What is:
Clustered Rural Settlement
(Throughout … history, rural … commonly lived in … of homes located near each other in a … or village)
Throughout European history, rural residents commonly lived in groups of homes located near each other in a hamlet or village
This was the answer
What is:
Dispersed Rural Settlement
(In contrast to …, North … farmers usually created a … in which farmers lived in … spread throughtout the …)
In contrast to Europeans, North American farmers usually created a pattern in which farmers lived in homes spread throughout the countryside
This was the answer
What is:
Linear Rural Settlement
(Patterns of … and … following the lines usually constructed for easy access to … routes for … and goods)
Patterns of houses and buildings following the lines usually constructed for easy access to transportation routes for people and goods
This was the answer
What are:
Metes and Bounds
(In …, fileds often had … shapes that re…. the location of physical … and traditional pat… of use)
In England, fields often had irregular shapes that reflected the location of physical features and traditional patterns of use
This was the answer
What is:
Township and Range
(US switched to a … based on sur… rather than … features. The … organized in areas … miles long and six … wide)
US switched to a system based on surveying rather than landscape features. The government organized in areas six miles long and six miles wide
This was the answer
What is:
Long Lot
(French … in … America emphasized the … of access to a … for water and …, developing the … in which farms were long thin … of land that ran … to a river)
French settlers in North America emphasized the value of access to a river for water and trade, developing the system in which farms were long thin sections of land that ran perpendicular to a river
This was the answer
What is:
First Agricultural Revolution
(The period in … in which … transitioned from …-gatherers to the … of … human settlements)
The period in history in which humans transitions from hunter-gatherers to the development of permanent human settlements
This was the answer
What is the:
Columbian Exchange
(as … crossed the …, they brought with them …, animals, and … that changed … and landscapes on both sides of the …)
As Europeans crossed the Atlantic, they brought with them plants, animals, and diseases that changed loves and landscapes on both sides of the ocean
This was the answer
What is the:
Second Agricultural Revolution
(New … and increased … production that led to better …, longer … …, and more people available for work in …)
New technology, and increased food production that lead to better diets, longer life expectancies, and more people available for work in factories
This was the answer
What is the:
Third Agricultural Revolution
(Movement that … modern … farming methods to … countries after mid-…th century.)
Movement that diffused modern agricultural farming methods to developing countries after mid-20th century. Green Revolution created higher yield plants using hybridization and led to creation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
This was the answer
What is:
Monoculture
(When only one …/type of … is grown on a piece of … at a time)
When only one species/type of crop is grown on a piece of land at a time. Although crops may be rotated year by year, but a piece of land is being used for only one crop at a time
This was the answer
What is:
Monocropping
(Continuous Monoculture)
(When the same … is … on a piece of land year after … with no …)
When the same crop is grown on a piece of land year after year with no change
This was the answer
What is the:
Bid-Rent theory
(Explains how the … and demand for … estate (land) changes based on the distance from the … …, also known as the Central … District (CBD).
Explains how the price and demand for real estate (land) changes based on the distance from the market place, also knowsn as the Central Business District (CBD).
This was the answer
What is an:
Agribusiness
(The integration of various steps of pro… in the food-… industry)
The integration of various steps of production in the food-processing industry
This was the answer
What is a:
Commodity Chain
(A process used by … to gather resources and … them into …s and then … them to …)
A process used by corporations to gather resources and transform them into goods and then transport them to consumers
This was the answer
What is the:
Economies of Scale
(The reduction in the … … cost of … as the volume of … in…)
The reduction in the per unit cost of production as the volume of production increases. Agribusiness produces cheaper crops and finished goods than traditional farming, in part, because they produce at a large scale.
This was the answer
What is the:
Carrying Capacity
(The largest number of people that the … of a particular … can … support)
The largest number of people that the environent of a particular area can sustainably support
This was the answer
What is the:
Von Thunen Theory
(The … that predicts humans will use … in relation to the cost of …d and the cost of trans… products to …)
The theory that predicts humans will use land in relation to the cost of land and the cost of transporting products to market
This was the answer
What is:
Desertification
(Process by which … land becomes …, typically as a result of …, deforestation or … agriculture (Such as …)
Process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or innappropriate agriculture (Such as overgrazing)
This was the answer
What is:
Soil Salinization
(Occurs when the … of the soil is too …)
Occurs when the salinity of the soil is too high (too much salt in the soil)
This was the answer
What are:
Terraces
(A method of growing … on sides of hills or … by planting on the … or building into it)
A method of growing crops on sides of hils or mountains by planting on the slope or building into it
This was the answer
What is:
Deforestation
(… removal of trees to make … for something besides …)
Permanent removal of trees to make room for something besides forest. This can include clearing the land for agriculture or grazing, or using the timber for fuel, construction or manufacturing
This was the answer
What is the:
Draining of wetlands
(When … is … from by cutting … into the … which collect and trans… … out of the area)
When water is drained from by cutting ditches into the ground which collect and transport water out of the area
This was the answer
What are:
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
(Any … whose genetic … has been … using … engineering … to provide certain advantages to … and con…)
Any organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques to provide certain advantages to producers and consumers
This was the answer
What is:
Aquaculture
(Aquafarming)
(The farming of fish, crustaceans (…), … (clams, …, oysters, …), aqautic … (seaweed), … and other organisms
The farming of fish, crustaceans (crabs), mollusks (clams, mussels, oysters, scallops), aqautic plants (seaweed), algae, and other organisms
This was the answer
What is:
Soil and Water Usage
(… is a major user of … and surface … The … move from the … into plants that we … and are a part of the … that animals (like …) eat. The … soils produce the … and most … food supplies)
Agriculture is a major user of ground and surface water. The nutrients move from the soil into plants that we eat and are a part of the food that animals (like cows) eat. The healthiest soils produce the healthiest and most abundant food supplies
This was the answer
What is:
Biodiversity
(Variety and … of life on … When related to … it specifically deals with the vari… in plant strains and … of …mals)
Variety and variability of life on Earth. When related to agriculture it specifically deals with the variation in plant strains and breeds of animals
This was the answer
What are:
Agricultural Chemicals
(A … is a chemical or natural … added to soil or … to increase its … A pesticide is a … used for …oing … or other organisms harmful to … plants or to …mals)
A fertilizer is a chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its feritlity. A Pesticide is a substance use for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals
This was the answer
What is the:
Location of Food Production Facilities
(Traditionally located in … areas or … towns)
Traditionally located in rural areas or small towns
This was the answer
What is:
Organic Farming
(Food produced without the use of …, … fertilizers, or other … processes)
Food produced without the use of pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, or other unnatural processes
This was the answer
What is:
Fair Trade
(Designed to get more … into the hands of … farmers in … countries who actually … the crops rather than supporting large transnational … that manage … in these products)
Designed to get more money into the hands of small farmers in poor countries who actually raise the crops rather than suporting large transnational corporations that manage trade in these products
This was the answer
What are:
Local-Food Movements
(People seeking out … locally, often through …’s …s, to support … …ms and reduce … fuel emissions)
People seeking out food localy, often through farmer’s markets, to support local farms and reduce fossil fuel emissions
This was the answer
What is:
Urban Farming
(The practice of …, …ssing, and distributing … in/around … areas)
The practice of cultivating, processing and distributing food in/around urban areas
This was the answer
What is:
Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA)
(A system that connects the … and …s within the … system more closely by allowing the … to subscribe to the … of a certain … or group of …s)
A system that connects the producer and consumers within the food system more closely by allowing the consumer to subscribe to the harvest of a certain farm or group of farms
This was the answer
What is:
Value-added Speciality Crops
(A change in the … state/form of the product. It focuses on … the eco… value and/or … apeal of an … product)
A change in the physical state or form of the product (such as milling wheat into flor or making strawberries into jam). It focuses on increasing the economic value and/or consumer appeal of an agricultural product
This was the answer
