Ap Human Geo Unit 2 Flashcards
Arithmetic density
The total number of people divided by the total land area
Physiologic Density
The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is suitable for agriculture
Agricultural density
The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
Ecumene
land that is permanently populated by human society
Population Density
a measurement of population per unit land area.
Scale of Analysis
the scale used to analyse the event.
Dot-Density Map
show density differences in geographic distributions across a landscape
Aging (Graying Population)
when the population has an increase in the number of older people than before.
Social Services
government services provided for the benefit of the community, such as education, medical care, and housing.
Carrying Capacity
the number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation.
Sustainable Growth
The maximum growth rate that a region can sustain without having to increase resource leverage
Age-Sex Ratio
A model used in population geography that describes the ages and numbers of males and females within a given population
Age-Sex Chart (population pyramid)
the distribution of a population by age and sex.
Dependency Ratio
the percentage of people within a population who are either too young or too old to work and must therefore be supported by the labor of working adults within that population
Cohorts
a population group that’s distinguished by a certain characteristic
Ethnic and Racial Groups
A Certain Ethnicity/Race within a population
Fertility Rate
average number of children born to women during their reproductive years
Mortality Rate
a measure of the number of deaths in a particular population/time/period.
Birth Rate
the number of live births per thousand of population per year.
Death Rate
the ratio of deaths to the population of a particular area or during a particular period of time, usually calculated as the number of deaths per one thousand people per year.
Population Doubling Time
the amount of time it takes for the population of a region to double
Demographic Transition Model
suggest that a country’s total population growth rate cycles through stages as that country develops economically.
Epidemiological Transition
describes changing patterns of population distributions in relation to changing patterns of mortality, fertility, life expectancy, and leading causes of death.
Rate of Natural Increase
the difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths occurring in a year
Thomas Malthus
Best known for his theory that population growth will always tend to outrun the food supply and that betterment of humankind is impossible without strict limits on reproduction
Malthusian Theory
the human population grows more rapidly than the food supply until famines, war or disease reduces the population
Neo-Malthusian
a concern that overpopulation as well as overconsumption may increase resource depletion and/or environmental degradation will lead to ecological collapse or other hazards.
Ester Boserup
population growth is independent of food supply and that population increase is a cause of changes in agriculture
Karl Marx
a social, economic and political philosophy that analyses the impact of the ruling class on the laborers, leading to uneven distribution of wealth and privileges in the society
Pronatalist policies
policies which are designed with the purpose of increasing the birth rate/fertility rate of an area
Anti-natalist policies
policies that encourage people to plan smaller families, lower fertility rates and reduce the number of births.
Immigration policies
all those measures by which a state regulates the influx of persons, in particular those who want to establish residence in their territory either temporarily or permanently.
Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration
A theory/law that was made by ravenstein’s that migration will only occur in small distances rather than to a large extend of distance.
Life expectancy
A statistic measure that measures an estimate of a individual span of life within a certain region.
Youth population
those people aged less than 15
Migration
The movement of a person or people from one country, locality, place of residence, etc., to settle in another
Push factors / types
Factors/Types are poor reasons that could “Push” a certain individual out of there region to live a better lifestyle.
Pull Factors/Types
Factor/Types that “Pulls” in a certain individual to a region, Providing reasons to migrating/settling to a certain country.
Intervening Opportunity
a feature (usually economic) that causes a migrant to choose a destination other than his original one, hinders a migrants migration.
Intervening Obstacle
factors that cause migrants challenges or prevent them from reaching their goal.
Forced migration
a migratory movement which, although the drivers can be diverse, involves force, compulsion, or coercion
Slavery
a condition in which one human being was owned by another
Chain Migration
a situation in which migrants from a particular place follow other migrants to a particular destination.
Transhumance
the action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle
Guest Worker
foreign national who is permitted to live and work temporarily in a host country
Transnational migration
a form of migration where a person maintains significant ties to two nations at the same time
Asylum
the protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee.
Voluntary Migration
A voluntary movement that an individual moment chooses to leave their home region by volunteer.
The Great Migration
the movement of some six million African Americans from rural areas of the Southern states of the United States to urban areas in the Northern states between 1916 and 1970
