AP Human Ch. 2 Flashcards
Agricultural density
The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of arable land (land suitable for agriculture)
Arable Land
Land suited for agriculture
Arithmetic density
the total number of people divided by the total land area
Census
A complete enumeration of a population
Crude birth rate (CBR)
The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
Demographic transition
The process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and high total population
Crude death rate (CDR)
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
Dependency ratio
the num er of people under age15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force
Doubling time
the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
Ecumene
The portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Epidemiologic transition
The process of change in the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
Epidemiology
The branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent…(too long)
Industrial Revolution
A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
Infant mortality rate (IMR)
The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year of age fro every 1,000 live births in a society
Life expectancy
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social , economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average numbers of years a newborn infant can expect to live
Maternal mortality rate
The annual number of female deaths per100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by. pregnancy or its management (excluding accident or incidental causes)
Medical revolution
medical technology invented in Europe and North America that has diffused to the poorer countries in Latin America, Asia and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives
Natural Increase rate (NIR)
The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate
Overpopulation
A situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
Pandemic
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population
Physiological Density
the number of people per unit area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture
Population pyramid
a bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex
Potential support ratio (or elderly support ratio)
The number of working-age people (ages 15-64_ divided by the number of persons 65 and older
Sex ratio
The number of males per 100 females in the population
Total fertility rate (TFR)
the average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years
Zero population growth (ZPG)
A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero
