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AP HuG > AP HuG 1 Unit 1 > Flashcards

AP HuG 1 Unit 1 Flashcards

Vocab Hall of Fame

1
Q

Place

A

is a specific point on Earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic. Every place occupies a unique location, or position, on Earth’s surface.

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2
Q

Region

A

is an area of Earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics. Geographers divide the world into a number of regions, such as North America and Latin America.

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3
Q

Scale

A

Is the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole. Geographers study a variety of scales, from local to global. Ex. global in scale; climate change and depletion of energy supplies. Ex. Local in scale; preservation of distinctive cultural and economic activities.

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4
Q

Space

A

A physical gap or interval between two objects.

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5
Q

Connection

A

Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.

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6
Q

Map

A

two dimensional or flat-scale model of Earth’s surface, or a portion of it.

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7
Q

Cartography

A

science of map making.

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8
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

a system that determines the precise position of something on Earth.

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9
Q

geotagging

A

identification and storage of a piece of info by its precise latitude and longitude coordinates.

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10
Q

Geographic Information Science

A

analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies.

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11
Q

geographic information system

A

captures, stores, queries, and splays the geographic data.

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12
Q

remote sensing

A

the scanning of the earth by satellite or high-flying aircraft in order to obtain information about it.

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13
Q

Volunteered geographic information

A

creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals.

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14
Q

citizen science

A

science researched by amateur scientists

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15
Q

participatory GIS

A

community based mapping

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16
Q

mashup

A

map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service, like google maps or google earth

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17
Q

Map scale

A

Relationship of a feature’s size on a map to its actual size on Earth

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18
Q

Ratio

A

ratio between distances of maps and earths surface.

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19
Q

written scale

A

relationship between map and earths distances in words

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20
Q

projection

A

A map projection is a systematic transformation of the latitudes and longitudes of locations from the surface of a sphere (3D) into locations on a plane (2D). Maps cannot be created without map projections. All map projections necessarily distort the surface in some fashion.

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21
Q

Graphic scale

A

bar lined marked to shows distance on earths surface

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22
Q

Meridian

A

a circle of constant longitude passing through a given place on the earth’s surface and the terrestrial poles.

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23
Q

Longitude

A

the angular distance of a place east or west of the meridian at Greenwich, England, or west of the standard meridian of a celestial object, usually expressed in degrees and minutes.

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24
Q

Latitude

A

the angular distance of a place north or south of the earth’s equator, or of a celestial object north or south of the celestial equator, usually expressed in degrees and minutes.

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25
Q

parallel

A

(of lines, planes, surfaces, or objects) side by side and having the same distance continuously between them.

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26
Q

Prime meridian

A

he earth’s zero of longitude, which by convention passes through Greenwich, England

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27
Q

GMT

A

master reference point at 0 degrees longitude

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28
Q

International date line

A

Position deviates from 180º longitude at times to accommodate various nearby nation-states.

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29
Q

location

A

the position that something occupies on Earth’s surface

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30
Q

toponym

A

name given to a place on Earth

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31
Q

Site

A

physical character of a place

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32
Q

situation

A

location of a place relative to other places

33
Q

cultural landscape

A

a combination of cultural features (lang, religion,) economic features (agric and industry) and physical features (climate and veg)

34
Q

formal region/uniform region

A

an area where everyone shares common characteristics

35
Q

functional region/nodal region

A

area organized around a focal point (node)

36
Q

vernacular region/pecerptual region

A

area ppl believe exists as part of their cultural identity

37
Q

culture

A

body of customary beliefs, material traits, traditions of a group of ppl

38
Q

spatial association

A

if the distribution of one feature is related to the distribution of another feature

39
Q

globalization

A

the entire world is forced or processed in making something worldwide

40
Q

transnational corporation

A

a company where research, operations, and sales are made in many countries not just where the headquarters are located

41
Q

distribution

density, concentration, pattern

A

the arrangement of a feature in space (density, concentration, pattern)

42
Q

concentration

A

extent of a features spread over space (objects in area close together are “clustered” , far apart are “dispersed”)

43
Q

pattern

A

geometric arrangement of objects in space

44
Q

density

A

frequency with which something occurs in space

45
Q

poststructuralist geography

A

examines how powerful ppl in the society dominate less powerful ppl

46
Q

humanistic geography

A

branch of human geography that emphasizes ideas about a place and gives them symbolic meanings

47
Q

behavioral geography

A

importance of understanding the psychological basis for individual human actions in space

48
Q

uneven development

A

increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from globalization of economy

49
Q

assimilation

A

process of a groups cultural features resembles another group

50
Q

acculturation

A

process of changes in culture that results from two groups meeting

51
Q

syncretism

A

combo of elements of 2 groups elements into a new cultural feature.

52
Q

diffusion

A

a feature spreads across space from one place to another over time

53
Q

relocation diffusion

A

the spread of an idea through physical movements of ppl from one place to another

54
Q

expansion diffusion

A

the spread of a feature from one place to another in an additive process (heirarchical, contagious, and stimulus diffusion)

55
Q

hierarchical diffusion

A

spread of an idea from ppl of authority to another persons of places

56
Q

contagious diffusion

A

rapid widespread of a characteristic through population

57
Q

stimulus diffusion

A

spread of an underlying principle even if the characteristic seems to fail

58
Q

network

A

a chain of communication that connects places

59
Q

distance decay

A

the physical distance between people leads to less interaction and eventually the contact disappears

60
Q

space-time compression

A

the reduction in time it takes for something to reach another place

61
Q

hearth

A

a place from which innovation originates

62
Q

resource

A

a substance in the environment that is useful to people, economically and technologically access, and socially acceptable to use.

63
Q

sustainability

A

the use of earths resources in a way that ensures their availability in the future.

64
Q

renewable resource

A

produced in nature, more rapidly than it is used

65
Q

non renewable resource

A

produced in nature slower than used by humans

66
Q

conservation

A

The sustainable use and management of earths natural resources to meet human needs such as food, medicine, and recreation.

67
Q

preservation

A

maintenance of resources In their present condition

68
Q

biotic

A

composed of living organisms

69
Q

abiotic

A

composed of non living or inorganic matter

70
Q

atmosphere

A

A thin layer of gases surrounding earth

71
Q

hydrosphere

A

all the water on and near earths surface

72
Q

lithosphere

A

earths crust and a portion of upper mantle directly below the crust

73
Q

biosphere

A

all living organisms on earth

74
Q

climate

A

long term average weather condition at a particular location

75
Q

ecosystem

A

group of living organisms and the abiotic sphere with which they interact is an ecosystem

76
Q

ecology

A

scientific study of ecosystems

77
Q

environmental determinism

A

an approach that physical environment caused social development

78
Q

possibilism

A

people have the ability to adjust to their environment

79
Q

polder

A

piece of land that Is created by draining water from an area

AP HuG (1 decks)

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