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AP GOV > AP Gov Test > Flashcards

AP Gov Test Flashcards

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AP® U.S. Government flashcards U.S. Government Basics flashcards
1
Q

Difference between delicate Politico and trustee models of representation?

A

Delegates work to represent the people while trustees have trust in their own knowledge and politico try to do both

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2
Q

what happened in Baker v Carr

A

Tennessee residents wanted a redrawing of district lines to be equal but Tennessee hadn’t redrawn and some districts had 10 times the people so the people wanted equal districts this case went to the Supreme Court and it was found that it violated the 14th Amendment equal protection

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3
Q

what happened in Shaw v Reno

A

North Carolina voters wanted Equitable drawing of districts but North Carolina Drew mines so many voters could vote together so white voters thought that it was unconstitutional just went to the Supreme Court and was found that it violated the 14th Amendment equal protection district lines can’t be drawn just due to race

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4
Q

Where does the most work happen in the bill-making process?

A

Standing Committees (legislature)

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5
Q

Mandatory v Discretionary Spending

A

In discretionary spending the government planners can make choices while in mandatory spending they are required by law to spend one specific part of mandatory spending are entitlements which are social security, Medicare, and Medicaid

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6
Q

Divided government and gridlock

A

Divided government is when the president and one or both chambers of Congress are different parties good luck is a halt and congress’s ability to make legislation because of partisanship

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7
Q

Rules of Debate in the HOR

A

Closely follow procedures, Limits debates, no floor amendments, can’t occupy more than one hour, Use Discharge Petition to move a bill out of committee and to HOR for vote

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8
Q

Rules of Debate in Senate

A

All members can influence legislation, no interruptions, unlimited debate, (use filibuster to delay debate), cloture (2/3 maj can end filibuster)

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9
Q

What is logrolling

A

trading of votes on legislation By members of Congress to get their earmarks passed into legislation

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10
Q

What is Pork Barrel

A

When National politicians spend huge amounts of money in their local voting district to encourage voters to re-elect them at the next election

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11
Q

What are the four committees?

A

Standing Committee (permanent ex: Ways and Means), Joint Committee (both HOR and Senate), Select/ Conference Committees, Rules Committee (make rules)

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12
Q

What does the Ways and Means Committee do

A

it is where most tax bills go

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13
Q

Where does the most work happen

A

Standing committees (legislation)

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14
Q

What does rules committee do?

A

Makes rules for bill ex) wehn bill can have debate, how long debate can last, what amendments (HOR)

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15
Q

What is conference committee

A

Senate and HOR have different versions of the same bill and so they have to talk and agree (last step)

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16
Q

What is the impeachment process

A

A majority of the members of the House must vote for these charges in order to impeach the president. After the charges of misconduct are filed, the Senate has the power to try impeachment cases like a court. Two-thirds of the senators must vote for conviction.

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17
Q

What is an executive order

A

Policy directives issued by presidents that do not require congressional approval

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18
Q

Why would a president use an executive order?

A

Quick and Effective, can push their policy agenda

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18
Q

Disadvantages of executive order

A

They can be used quickly and for bad things because it takes time for Congress to write new laws and judiciary to deem them unconstitutional (not law but carry same weight) (FDR Japanese Internment Camps)

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18
Q

Executive Privilege

A

Right if Prez to keep certain conversations and documents confidential

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18
Q

Executive agreements

A

An agreement between prez and another nation that doesn’t have the same weight as a treaty but doesn’t require Senate approval

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19
Q

Signing Statements

A

written command issued by the president while signing a bill that usually consists of political reasons for signing bill and prez interpretation of the law

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19
Q

Veto

A

Prez can veto law but the veto can be overturned by passing 2/3 vote in both Senate and HOR

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19
Q

Pocket Veto

A

Informal rejection of bill when prez doesn’t sign bill within 10 days (goes back to Congress)

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20
Q

22nd ammendment

A

No prez can be elected more than twice (8yrs)

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21
Q

25th ammendment

A

Line of succession if prez dies

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22
Q

War Powers Resolution

A

Law passed during Nixon that restricts prez, cant maintain troops in combat over 60 days without congress approval

23
Q

Judicial Activism

A

Beleif that justices should use power of judicial review and create bold new policies

24
Q

What does the ways and Means Committee do?

A

Tax bills, tariffs, revenue raising (social security, medicare, adoptions)

25
Q

What is precedent

A

When a court makes a decision on a case and that is what stands

26
Q

What is stare decisis

A

letting a previous decision stand

27
Q

Judicial review

A

The authority of the Supreme Court to strike down a lot or an executive action if it conflicts with the Constitution

28
Q

Marbury v Madison

A

Marbury wanted to receive his commission that was offered under John’s Adams Thomas Jefferson new president told his secretary to not give the commission through the Constitution no under the Judiciary Act of 1801 Marbury sued asking for writ of mandamus to get commissions this created judicial review and allowed Court to rule on constitutionality of cases

29
Q

Federalist 78

A

Argument from Alexander Hamilton that the federal Judiciary will be unlikely to infringe upon rights and Liberties but check the other branches he argued for Lifetime appointment and judicial review

30
Q

Organization of Federal Courts

A

94 District Courts/trial courts 13 courts of Appeals and then the US Supreme Court

31
Q

How are Supreme Court judges appointed

A

nominated by prez and confirmed by the senate

32
Q

Why do judges serve life

A

Not be persuaded politically

33
Q

How can each branch check the bureaucracy?

A

Congressional oversight- committee hearing (report progress), congress power of purse (need congress money), Executive- Prez can appoint new people, Prez can use executive order

34
Q

Functions or bureaucracy

A

implementation, regulation and administration (keep us safe ex FDA)

35
Q

criticisms of bureaucracy

A

Can’t act quickly, too many rules to be efficient, too much paperwork

36
Q

Example of regulatory commission

A

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) & FDA (Food and Drug Administration

37
Q

example of government corporation

A

Federal Housing Finance Agency, Amtrak (railroad)

38
Q

example of independent agency

A

Federal Communications Commission, Federal Reserve System

39
Q

example of cabinet departments

A

VP, Secretary of Defense

40
Q

What is spoils system

A

When after winning, a politician gives his supporters public office jobs

41
Q

What is the Pendleton Act

A

Created a system where federal employees were chosen through competitive exams not through who they knew

42
Q

bureaucratic rule making

A

the policy-making process for Executive and Independent agencies of the Federal government. Agencies use this process to develop and issue Rules

43
Q

What was citizens united

A

created super PAC’s because businesses are people so unlimited money (1st amendment free speech (free money))

44
Q

McCullough v Maryland

A

Maryland wanted to tax national bank McCullough said no (Art. 1 Section 8, Necessary and Proper) Elastic Clause. Supremecy Clause (federal over national, no tax national)

45
Q

US v Lopez

A

Guy brought gun but this violated federal gun free school zone. The Federal Gun Act was found unconstitutional because that was power of state. Decreased Commerce Clause

46
Q

Line item veto

A

When prez can sign only part of bill

47
Q

Fed 10

A

Danger of faction and safety in majority

48
Q

Fed 51

A

Departments of government should be independent

49
Q

Fed 70

A

Strong unitary (energetic) executive

50
Q

Engle v Vitale

A

Can’t pray in schools cuz establishment clause public school can’t enforce

51
Q

Schneck V US

A

Clear and present danger, can’t tell ppl to disobey draft

52
Q

Gideon V wainwright

A

Must provide people with attorney

53
Q

Due process clause of 14th amendment

A

Life liberty and happiness under state (protects ppl)

54
Q

Selective incorporation

A

Gideon V wainwright 6th amendment (right to council)

55
Q

Free enterprise

A

Little gov intervention in economy and business

56
Q

Conservatives

A

Cherish established institutions and seek to preserve them for the good of society

57
Q

Liberals

A

Want new reforms to make society more just and equitable

58
Q

Individualism conservatives vs liberals

A

Conservatives want self centered (interest of individual over interests of society) while liberal want the good for everyone (interest of society over interests of everyone)

59
Q

Individualism conservatives vs liberals

A

Conservatives want self centered (interest of individual over interests of society) while liberal want the good for everyone (interest of society over interests of everyone)

60
Q

Equality of opportunity liberals v conservatives

A

Conservatives- power of meritocracy (rise by own talent and drive)
Liberals- believe some groups are at a disadvantage

61
Q

Process of Bill

A
  1. Bill is introduced and goes to a subcommittee.
  2. Bill goes to the floor to the rules committee to put it on the calendar.
  3. There is a closed rule which ends the debate.
  4. They vote and it goes to the Senate.
  5. Same process and then filibuster and cloture
  6. Joint committee.
  7. The president can sign the bill. if he vetoes it, it needs a 2/3 vote in the first 100 days. It can be a bill without signature and it is a pocket veto.

AP GOV (1 decks)

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