AP Gov Terms Flashcards
1
Q
Want more government involvement in economic issues and less government involvement in social issues
A
Liberal
2
Q
Want more government involvement in social issues and less government involvement in economic issues
A
Conservatives
3
Q
Want less government involvement in both economic and social issues
A
Libertarian
4
Q
Want more government involvement in both economic and social issues
A
Populist
5
Q
Extreme liberals
A
Radicals
6
Q
Extreme conservatives
A
Reationaries
7
Q
A bill proposed by the people to be put on the ballot
A
Initiative
8
Q
A bill proposed by the state’s legislature to be put on the ballot
A
Referendum
9
Q
A government ruled by the people
A
Democracy
10
Q
A government where the people vote directly on policies
A
Direct Democracy
11
Q
A government where people vote for a representative to represent them
A
Representative Democracy
12
Q
A government that requires the broad participation from the people
A
Participatory Democracy
13
Q
A government where groups are responsible for policy making
A
Pluralist Democracy
14
Q
A government where a select few have power, unlike the general population
A
Elite Democracy
15
Q
The feeling that your vote doesn’t matter among corporations
A
Elitism-Voter Apathy
16
Q
A colony type that has a bicameral government, one appointed by the king and one elected by the people
A
Royal Colony
17
Q
A colony where a royal grant was granted and a unicameral colony was founded, nearly completely independant
A
Proprietary Colony
18
Q
A colony that received a charter from the king and is most independent type of colony
A
Charter Colony
19
Q
Health neglect
A
Statutory Neglect
20
Q
An act that added tax to anything with sugar in it that previously wasn’t enforced
A
Sugar Act
21
Q
An act that added a tax to all formal documents and die
A
Stamp Tax
22
Q
An act that increased tax on tea
A
Tea Act
23
Q
Four acts that were meant to be a punishment for the Boston Tea Party
A
Intolerable Acts(Coercive Acts)
24
Q
A rebellion lead by David Shay alongside hundreds of farmers to shut down Boston court houses
A
Shay’s Rebellion
25
A colonial meeting with 12 of the 13 colonies to discuss their future under british rule
First Continental Congress
26
A colonial meeting meant to resolve issues with Britain but in the end, independence was declared
Second Continental Congress
27
A meeting meant to revise the Articles of Confederation but instead produced the Constitution
Constitutional Convention
28
A document of a nation's basic laws, that establishes political structures, and assigns governmental powers
Constitution
29
A small group within a larger group that hold opposing view to the larger group
Faction
30
A plan for the legislative branch that would give more populous states more representation
Virginia Plan
31
A counter to the Virginia Plan that would give all states the same amount of representation, regardless of population
New Jersey Plan
32
A compromise between the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan, establishing two houses for the legislative branch
Connecticut Compromise(The Great Compromise)
33
A compromise to count 3 out of every 5 enslaved person for population and representation reason
Three-Fifths Compromise
34
A proposed structure of government that would establish the executive, legislative, and judicial branches
Madison Model
35
A compromise that defined what could be taxed out of imports and exports, and what could be regulated by the federal government or state government
Compromise on Commerce
36
A compromise that established how the president would be elected and term limits and duration
Presidential Compromise
37
To enfore
Levy
38
Group of people who didn't want a strong federal government or to ratify the Constitution, saying they would need a Bill of Rights to protect the public
Anti-Federalists(Democratic Republicans)
39
Group of people who wanted to ratify the Constitution, mostly wealthy members of society
Federalists
40
Papers written mostly by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay to rally support for the Constitution
Federalist Papers
41
A Bill of Rights meant to provide British citizens with certain rights from the monarchy
English Bill of Rights
42
An exchange of some liberties for protection provided by the government
Social Contract
43
An event that ended in three dead colonists and that violated the Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights
Boston Massacre
44
A system of government where the power is shared between a federal governments and a state government
Federal System
45
A balance of state government and federal government, both ruling over the same people
Federalism
46
A system of government where a federal government holds all the power
Unitary
47
A system of government where the states hold all the power and the federal government is nearly powerless
Confederate
48
Powers given to the federal government by the Constitution
Enumerated Powers(Expressed Powers)
49
A clause in the Constitution that gives the federal government the flexibility to enforce the Constitution
Elastic Clause(Necessary and Proper Clause)
50
Powers not given to the federal government by the Constitution but are assumed to be a part of it
Inherited Powers
51
Powers shared by both the State government and Federal government
Concurrent Powers
52
A clause in the constitution that allows the federal government to regulate trade with foreign entities, interstate trade, and with Native Americans
Commerce Clause
53
The federal and state governments work separately, having clearly defined, separate powers as stated in the Constitution
Dual Federalism
54
When the state and federal governments have to work together
Cooperative Federalism
55
Money from the federal government that is given to a state to be spent of a specific project
Grant-In-Aid
56
Money given to a state's government by the federal government for specific purposes
Categorical Grants
57
Money given to a state's government by the federal government for broad purposes and it is up to the state to decide how to use it
Block Grants
58
When the federal government gives income from taxes to state governments
Revenue Sharing
59
A plan proposed by President Nixon that returns some powers the federal government has to the states
New Federalism
60
Laws enacted by the federal government that states must follow, often at their own expense
Federal Mandate
61
The returning of powers the federal government holds to the states
Devolution
62
Powers given to state governments that aren't prohibited from they or aren't already given to the federal government
Reserved Powers
63
Power given to the states to regulate behaviors within their boundaries in order to protect people's safety, health, and morals
Police Power
64
Powers that are denied from the federal government or state governments
Prohibited Powers
65
Agreements between states that require approval from Congress
Interstate Compacts
66
Grants given to state governments from the federal government whose amounts are based on variables in a state and a formula
Formula Grant
67
Grants that states have to apply for
Program Grants
68
Term for government spending and revenue
Fiscal
69
A structure of government where one layer of the government gives revenue from taxes to another layer
Fiscal Government
70
A competition that appears when two states are competing in the same field
Competitive Federalism
71
A state must recognize another state's legal documents
Full Faith and Credit
72
Laws apply to both residents and visitors of a state, requiring both to follow it
Extradition
73
If someone breaks the law, they must be returned to the state if the state asks while simultaneously being protected the same as a state's residents
Privileges and Immunities Clause
74
Limitations on the government to protect someone's rights
Civil Liberties
75
An addition to the Constitution that was meant to protect civil liberties
Bill of Rights
76
Guarantees that civil liberties are protected
Civil Rights
77
Freedoms that allow you to do anything unless it infringes another's rights
Rights
78
False or malicious written statements that damage one's reputation
Libel
79
False or malicious spoken statements that damage one's reputation
Slander
80
Laws that allow journalists to protect their sources
Shield Laws
81
Censorship of media prior to something happening if there is clear and present danger
Prior Restraint
82
A topic or other such things that could be seen as bad depending on one's judgment
Obscenity
83
Free speech that is done through actions or other non-verbal means
Symbolic Speech
84
A doctrine that implements the Bill of Rights in the states
Incorporation Theory
85
A clause that states no government can establish a leading religion
Establishment Clause
86
A clause that states the government prohibited the people from practicing a religion of their choice
Free Exercise Clause
87
A three point test that tests whether a government action is legal under the establishment clause
Lemon Test
88
A type of speech that promotes something for economic reasons
Commercial Speech
89
A tests that says speech can be limited if it can cause dangerous conditions
Clear and Present Danger Test
90
A rule that states speech can be restricted in it can lead to something "evil"
Bad Tendency Rule
91
A tests that states that speech can be limited if it means to lead to lawless action
Imminent Lawless Action Test
92
Wrongful harm to someone's good reputation
Defamation of Character
93
A rule that states if evidence is illegally obtained, it can't be used in a court of law
Exclusionary Rule
94
A piece of legislation that punishes a person(s) without a court
Bill of Attainder
95
A court order that orders someone who is insurected in front of the court
Writ of Habeas Corpus
96
A rule that states that if found innocent of a crime, one can't be tried for the same crime again
Double Jeopardy
97
A jury meant to determine whether there is enough evidence for a trial
Grand Jury
98
A formal charge from a grand jury that official charges someone with an offense
Indictment
99
Money that is paid to be released between court proceedings that says that you will appear at court hearings
Bail
100
The decision not to grant someone bail as they are seen as a either a flight risk or are deemed to dangerous
Preventive Detention
101
Saying something that you know to be false or with reckless regard if it is true or not
Actual Malice
102
Someone known to the public due to their position
Public Figure
103
An order that can be issued by a judge to restrict publication of news of a trial if they feel it would infringe on the defendant's right to a fair trial
Gag Order
104
A law that can punish someone for an action that was done prior to the law's enactment
Ex Post Facto Law
105
A branch of government with two houses
Bicameralism
106
The process of dividing the 435 seats in the House of Representatives among the 50 states
Apportion
107
A tactic that a state's legislatures does to one group an advantage over another
Gerrymandering
108
The most powerful member of the House of Representatives that maintains orders in the House
Speaker of the House
109
Someone if government that is unlikely to be replaced from office once they are instated
Incumbent
110
Powers given to the federal government due to previously stated powers
Implied Powers
111
Powers of the legislative branch that aren't directly connected to policy making
Non-Legislative Powers
112
A process to formally charge someone in the government with an offense
Impeachment
113
Those who representative are elected to represent
Constituents
114
The position if the Senate that is held by the Vice President of the U.S. and onl votes to break ties
President of the Senate
115
A mostly symbolic position in the Senate that is meant to stand in for the President of the Senate if they aren't present
President Pro Tempore
116
Members of the House that coordinate the business of the floor
Floor Leaders
117
Members of the House that coordinate between their party and leadership, helping the majority/minority leaders
Whips
118
A permanent committee
Standing Committee
119
A temporary committee
Select Committee
120
A committee that is a part of a standing committee
Subcommittee
121
A committee with members from both legislative houses
Joint Committee
122
A position in a committee that decided what the committee will focus on and is usually given based on seniority
Committee Chairman
123
A joint committee that is made to agree on the language for a bill that was passed in both houses
Conference Committee
124
The power to deny signing a bill the president holds
Veto
125
A veto that occurs if the president doesn't sign a bill in 10 days and Congress doesn't meet during that time perid
Pocket Veto
126
Two members of Congress giving supporting each other's bill
Logrolling
127
A method to bypass usual allocation process in discretionary bills that directly fund a specific recipient
Earmark
128
Someone who was elected to vote along their own conscience for the good of the general public
Trustee
129
Someone who was elected to vote to represent their constituents
Instructed Delegate
130
Work congress members do on behalf of their constituents
Casework
131
When Congress checks whether their legislation is being properly enforced
Oversight
132
Someone who investigates public figures and agencies due to complaints made by private indivisuals
Ombudsperson
133
The power of the media to focus the public's attention on specific things
Agenda Setting
134
A committee that sets the rule for debate for specific bills
Rules Committee
135
A tactic that abuses the no limit of debate time in the Senate to delay a vote for a bill
Filibuster
136
A vote that requires 3/5 in agreement to end a filibuster
Cloture
137
A method of ending a filibuster about a budget bill
Reconciliation
138
Being able to send mail without paying
Franking
139
Redistributing the seats in the House of Representative after a cencus
Reappointment
140
Redrawing the district lines
Redistricting
141
A question of whether something could possibly be reviewed in court
Justiciable Question
142
A method of gerrymandering where members of a political party of condensed into as few districts as possible
Packing
143
A method of gerrymandering that spreads out a political party among districts so they have a majority in as few as possible
Cracking
144
A petition that can be done to bring a bill to the floor by force, requiring 218 votes
Discharge Petition
145
A budget the president submits to Congress
Executive Budget
146
The time period from October 1st to September 30th that the government bases for financial reasons
Fiscal Year
147
A process of which government bodies and agencies submit requests for funding for the next fiscal year to the Office of Management and Budget
Spring Review
148
A process of which the Office of Management and Budget reviews what was submitted during the Spring Review, makes changes to a proposed budget, and submits the recommendations to the president
Fall Review
149
The formal amount of money that is granted to a government agency for a fiscal year
Authorization
150
The actual amount of money that a government agency is given for a fiscal year
Appropriation
151
A resolution passed by Congress in May that sets revenue and spending goals for the fiscal year
First Budget Resolution
152
A resolution passed by Congress that limits the amount of taxes and spending allowed for the nest fiscal year
Second Budget Resolution
153
A temporary resolution passed by Congress if they haven't agreed on a resolution by the start of the fiscal year
Continuing Resolution
154
When a party gains more seats or power due to one of their member's support
Coattails
155
An election that is meant to narrow down a party's candidate
Primary
156
Someone who is elected to vote with the party's interests
Partisan
157
A method an independent donor can donate money to a campaign, with a limit of $5,000
PAC(Political Action Committee)
158
A method an independant donor can donate money without a limit
Super PAC
159
An organization that primarily helps republicans get elected
RNC(Republican National Committee)
160
An organization that primarily helps Democrats get elected
DNC(Democratic National Committee)
161
Money given to a political party in a way it avoids regulations
Soft Money
162
A primary where voters vote for a candidate directly
Direct Primary
163
A primary where a party's delegates decide a party's cadidate
Indirect Primary
164
A primary where registered voters can vote for any candidate, regardless of party affiliations
Open Primary
165
A primary where registered voters can only vote for a candidate from the same political party as themselves
Closed Primary
166
Campaigns held in a specific area that are meant to narrow down candidates
Local Campaigns
167
A meeting or party members and supports to narrow down candidates or promote a policy
Caucus
168
A campaign done by the president running for reelection
Presidential Campaign
169
A Tuesday when many primaries and caucuses are held
Super Tuesday
170
A convention meant to unite a political party and where a Vice president is announced
National Convention
171
People who cast the final votes to represent their state's popular
Electors
172
Election where someone is put into office
General Election
173
Electors who don't vote along with the popular vote
Faithless Electors
174
An alternative to the electoral college where electoral votes are given based on the district's popular votes and the state's senate votes are given on the state's popular vote
District Plan
175
An alternative to the electoral college where the election is based on the popular vote
District Popular Election
176
An alternative plan to the electoral college where the winner of the popular vote gain an addition 120 points
National Bonus Plan
177
An alternative to the electoral college where a state's electoral votes are distributed based on the percentages of the state's popular vote
Proportional Plan
178
A message from the President to Congress about the state of the country
State of the Union Address
179
A method to prevent one group from controlling the majority of a market
Trust Busting
180
Programs passed by FDN to help the country during the Great Depression
New Deal
181
Power of the president to execute laws, appoint positions in office, file executive orders, and remove people they appoint
Chief Executive
182
The power that allows the president to represent the country when interacting with foreign nations
Chief of State
183
The power that allows the president to use wartime powers and command troops
Commander in Chief
184
The power that makes the president the head of their political party and allows them to give government positions to their supporters
Chief of Party
185
After an election, giving government powers to your supporters
Patronage
186
The power of the president to veto bills, call sessions of Congress, and propose legislation
Chief Legislature
187
A power to veto specific lines of a proposed bill
Line-Item Veto
188
The power of the president to sign treaties, make executive agreements, and to recognize a new country
Chief Diplomat
189
An agreement between nations that the president makes without involving Congress
Executive Agreement
190
To dismiss federal offences and wipe the slate clean
Pardon
191
To delay a sentencing
Reprieve
192
To reduce a sentencing
Commutation
193
To pardon a group of people
Amnestry
194
A role in charge of federal agencies and responsible for implementing nation policies
Chief Administrator
195
A law that is similar to other laws in place
Common Law
196
A "structure" set by previous court cases
Precedent
197
The decision of a court to stick with a previous courts decision of a case
Stare Decisis
198
Laws in place
Statutes
199
Courts that were meant to take the cases the Supreme Court didn't have time for
Lower Courts
200
When a president appoints Justices to push forward their own policies
Packing the Court
201
When the court has the right to hear a case first
Original Jurisdiction
202
When courts have the right to hear the same case
Concurrent Jurisdiction
203
When a court has the right to be the only one that hears a case
Exclusive Jurisdiction
204
When the Supreme Court asks a lower court to send a record for a case
Writ of Certiorari
205
When the plaintiff can make the defendant pay for fees if the statue allows it
Fee Shifting
206
Proof of wrong doing that must be shown to bring someone to court
Standing
207
A person representing a group in a court case
Class Action
208
A written summary of each sides case in court
Briefs
209
Someone who is not involved in a case that volunteers to assist a court's decision
Amicus Curiae
210
When a Supreme Court Justice agrees with a decision but not for the same reason as the others
Concurring Opinion
211
When a Supreme Court Justice disagrees with a decision
Dissenting Opinion
212
A court decision that is meant to fix a social issue
Remedy
213
Supreme Court decions have to be enforced by the state and federal government
Enforcement
214
A president's ability to shape the national agenda using their platform
Bully Pulpit
215
Justiciable
216
One Person, One Vote Doctrine
