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AP Gov Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Want more government involvement in economic issues and less government involvement in social issues

A

Liberal

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2
Q

Want more government involvement in social issues and less government involvement in economic issues

A

Conservatives

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3
Q

Want less government involvement in both economic and social issues

A

Libertarian

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4
Q

Want more government involvement in both economic and social issues

A

Populist

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5
Q

Extreme liberals

A

Radicals

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6
Q

Extreme conservatives

A

Reationaries

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7
Q

A bill proposed by the people to be put on the ballot

A

Initiative

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8
Q

A bill proposed by the state’s legislature to be put on the ballot

A

Referendum

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9
Q

A government ruled by the people

A

Democracy

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10
Q

A government where the people vote directly on policies

A

Direct Democracy

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11
Q

A government where people vote for a representative to represent them

A

Representative Democracy

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12
Q

A government that requires the broad participation from the people

A

Participatory Democracy

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13
Q

A government where groups are responsible for policy making

A

Pluralist Democracy

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14
Q

A government where a select few have power, unlike the general population

A

Elite Democracy

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15
Q

The feeling that your vote doesn’t matter among corporations

A

Elitism-Voter Apathy

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16
Q

A colony type that has a bicameral government, one appointed by the king and one elected by the people

A

Royal Colony

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17
Q

A colony where a royal grant was granted and a unicameral colony was founded, nearly completely independant

A

Proprietary Colony

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18
Q

A colony that received a charter from the king and is most independent type of colony

A

Charter Colony

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19
Q

Health neglect

A

Statutory Neglect

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20
Q

An act that added tax to anything with sugar in it that previously wasn’t enforced

A

Sugar Act

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21
Q

An act that added a tax to all formal documents and die

A

Stamp Tax

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22
Q

An act that increased tax on tea

A

Tea Act

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23
Q

Four acts that were meant to be a punishment for the Boston Tea Party

A

Intolerable Acts(Coercive Acts)

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24
Q

A rebellion lead by David Shay alongside hundreds of farmers to shut down Boston court houses

A

Shay’s Rebellion

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25
Q

A colonial meeting with 12 of the 13 colonies to discuss their future under british rule

A

First Continental Congress

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26
Q

A colonial meeting meant to resolve issues with Britain but in the end, independence was declared

A

Second Continental Congress

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27
Q

A meeting meant to revise the Articles of Confederation but instead produced the Constitution

A

Constitutional Convention

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28
Q

A document of a nation’s basic laws, that establishes political structures, and assigns governmental powers

A

Constitution

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29
Q

A small group within a larger group that hold opposing view to the larger group

A

Faction

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30
Q

A plan for the legislative branch that would give more populous states more representation

A

Virginia Plan

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31
Q

A counter to the Virginia Plan that would give all states the same amount of representation, regardless of population

A

New Jersey Plan

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32
Q

A compromise between the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan, establishing two houses for the legislative branch

A

Connecticut Compromise(The Great Compromise)

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33
Q

A compromise to count 3 out of every 5 enslaved person for population and representation reason

A

Three-Fifths Compromise

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34
Q

A proposed structure of government that would establish the executive, legislative, and judicial branches

A

Madison Model

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35
Q

A compromise that defined what could be taxed out of imports and exports, and what could be regulated by the federal government or state government

A

Compromise on Commerce

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36
Q

A compromise that established how the president would be elected and term limits and duration

A

Presidential Compromise

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37
Q

To enfore

A

Levy

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38
Q

Group of people who didn’t want a strong federal government or to ratify the Constitution, saying they would need a Bill of Rights to protect the public

A

Anti-Federalists(Democratic Republicans)

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39
Q

Group of people who wanted to ratify the Constitution, mostly wealthy members of society

A

Federalists

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40
Q

Papers written mostly by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay to rally support for the Constitution

A

Federalist Papers

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41
Q

A Bill of Rights meant to provide British citizens with certain rights from the monarchy

A

English Bill of Rights

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42
Q

An exchange of some liberties for protection provided by the government

A

Social Contract

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43
Q

An event that ended in three dead colonists and that violated the Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights

A

Boston Massacre

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44
Q

A system of government where the power is shared between a federal governments and a state government

A

Federal System

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45
Q

A balance of state government and federal government, both ruling over the same people

A

Federalism

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46
Q

A system of government where a federal government holds all the power

A

Unitary

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47
Q

A system of government where the states hold all the power and the federal government is nearly powerless

A

Confederate

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48
Q

Powers given to the federal government by the Constitution

A

Enumerated Powers(Expressed Powers)

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49
Q

A clause in the Constitution that gives the federal government the flexibility to enforce the Constitution

A

Elastic Clause(Necessary and Proper Clause)

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50
Q

Powers not given to the federal government by the Constitution but are assumed to be a part of it

A

Inherited Powers

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51
Q

Powers shared by both the State government and Federal government

A

Concurrent Powers

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52
Q

A clause in the constitution that allows the federal government to regulate trade with foreign entities, interstate trade, and with Native Americans

A

Commerce Clause

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53
Q

The federal and state governments work separately, having clearly defined, separate powers as stated in the Constitution

A

Dual Federalism

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54
Q

When the state and federal governments have to work together

A

Cooperative Federalism

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55
Q

Money from the federal government that is given to a state to be spent of a specific project

A

Grant-In-Aid

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56
Q

Money given to a state’s government by the federal government for specific purposes

A

Categorical Grants

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57
Q

Money given to a state’s government by the federal government for broad purposes and it is up to the state to decide how to use it

A

Block Grants

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58
Q

When the federal government gives income from taxes to state governments

A

Revenue Sharing

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59
Q

A plan proposed by President Nixon that returns some powers the federal government has to the states

A

New Federalism

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60
Q

Laws enacted by the federal government that states must follow, often at their own expense

A

Federal Mandate

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61
Q

The returning of powers the federal government holds to the states

A

Devolution

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62
Q

Powers given to state governments that aren’t prohibited from they or aren’t already given to the federal government

A

Reserved Powers

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63
Q

Power given to the states to regulate behaviors within their boundaries in order to protect people’s safety, health, and morals

A

Police Power

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64
Q

Powers that are denied from the federal government or state governments

A

Prohibited Powers

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65
Q

Agreements between states that require approval from Congress

A

Interstate Compacts

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66
Q

Grants given to state governments from the federal government whose amounts are based on variables in a state and a formula

A

Formula Grant

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67
Q

Grants that states have to apply for

A

Program Grants

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68
Q

Term for government spending and revenue

A

Fiscal

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69
Q

A structure of government where one layer of the government gives revenue from taxes to another layer

A

Fiscal Government

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70
Q

A competition that appears when two states are competing in the same field

A

Competitive Federalism

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71
Q

A state must recognize another state’s legal documents

A

Full Faith and Credit

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72
Q

Laws apply to both residents and visitors of a state, requiring both to follow it

A

Extradition

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73
Q

If someone breaks the law, they must be returned to the state if the state asks while simultaneously being protected the same as a state’s residents

A

Privileges and Immunities Clause

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74
Q

Limitations on the government to protect someone’s rights

A

Civil Liberties

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75
Q

An addition to the Constitution that was meant to protect civil liberties

A

Bill of Rights

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76
Q

Guarantees that civil liberties are protected

A

Civil Rights

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77
Q

Freedoms that allow you to do anything unless it infringes another’s rights

A

Rights

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78
Q

False or malicious written statements that damage one’s reputation

A

Libel

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79
Q

False or malicious spoken statements that damage one’s reputation

A

Slander

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80
Q

Laws that allow journalists to protect their sources

A

Shield Laws

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81
Q

Censorship of media prior to something happening if there is clear and present danger

A

Prior Restraint

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82
Q

A topic or other such things that could be seen as bad depending on one’s judgment

A

Obscenity

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83
Q

Free speech that is done through actions or other non-verbal means

A

Symbolic Speech

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84
Q

A doctrine that implements the Bill of Rights in the states

A

Incorporation Theory

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85
Q

A clause that states no government can establish a leading religion

A

Establishment Clause

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86
Q

A clause that states the government prohibited the people from practicing a religion of their choice

A

Free Exercise Clause

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87
Q

A three point test that tests whether a government action is legal under the establishment clause

A

Lemon Test

88
Q

A type of speech that promotes something for economic reasons

A

Commercial Speech

89
Q

A tests that says speech can be limited if it can cause dangerous conditions

A

Clear and Present Danger Test

90
Q

A rule that states speech can be restricted in it can lead to something “evil”

A

Bad Tendency Rule

91
Q

A tests that states that speech can be limited if it means to lead to lawless action

A

Imminent Lawless Action Test

92
Q

Wrongful harm to someone’s good reputation

A

Defamation of Character

93
Q

A rule that states if evidence is illegally obtained, it can’t be used in a court of law

A

Exclusionary Rule

94
Q

A piece of legislation that punishes a person(s) without a court

A

Bill of Attainder

95
Q

A court order that orders someone who is insurected in front of the court

A

Writ of Habeas Corpus

96
Q

A rule that states that if found innocent of a crime, one can’t be tried for the same crime again

A

Double Jeopardy

97
Q

A jury meant to determine whether there is enough evidence for a trial

A

Grand Jury

98
Q

A formal charge from a grand jury that official charges someone with an offense

A

Indictment

99
Q

Money that is paid to be released between court proceedings that says that you will appear at court hearings

A

Bail

100
Q

The decision not to grant someone bail as they are seen as a either a flight risk or are deemed to dangerous

A

Preventive Detention

101
Q

Saying something that you know to be false or with reckless regard if it is true or not

A

Actual Malice

102
Q

Someone known to the public due to their position

A

Public Figure

103
Q

An order that can be issued by a judge to restrict publication of news of a trial if they feel it would infringe on the defendant’s right to a fair trial

A

Gag Order

104
Q

A law that can punish someone for an action that was done prior to the law’s enactment

A

Ex Post Facto Law

105
Q

A branch of government with two houses

A

Bicameralism

106
Q

The process of dividing the 435 seats in the House of Representatives among the 50 states

A

Apportion

107
Q

A tactic that a state’s legislatures does to one group an advantage over another

A

Gerrymandering

108
Q

The most powerful member of the House of Representatives that maintains orders in the House

A

Speaker of the House

109
Q

Someone if government that is unlikely to be replaced from office once they are instated

A

Incumbent

110
Q

Powers given to the federal government due to previously stated powers

A

Implied Powers

111
Q

Powers of the legislative branch that aren’t directly connected to policy making

A

Non-Legislative Powers

112
Q

A process to formally charge someone in the government with an offense

A

Impeachment

113
Q

Those who representative are elected to represent

A

Constituents

114
Q

The position if the Senate that is held by the Vice President of the U.S. and onl votes to break ties

A

President of the Senate

115
Q

A mostly symbolic position in the Senate that is meant to stand in for the President of the Senate if they aren’t present

A

President Pro Tempore

116
Q

Members of the House that coordinate the business of the floor

A

Floor Leaders

117
Q

Members of the House that coordinate between their party and leadership, helping the majority/minority leaders

A

Whips

118
Q

A permanent committee

A

Standing Committee

119
Q

A temporary committee

A

Select Committee

120
Q

A committee that is a part of a standing committee

A

Subcommittee

121
Q

A committee with members from both legislative houses

A

Joint Committee

122
Q

A position in a committee that decided what the committee will focus on and is usually given based on seniority

A

Committee Chairman

123
Q

A joint committee that is made to agree on the language for a bill that was passed in both houses

A

Conference Committee

124
Q

The power to deny signing a bill the president holds

A

Veto

125
Q

A veto that occurs if the president doesn’t sign a bill in 10 days and Congress doesn’t meet during that time perid

A

Pocket Veto

126
Q

Two members of Congress giving supporting each other’s bill

A

Logrolling

127
Q

A method to bypass usual allocation process in discretionary bills that directly fund a specific recipient

A

Earmark

128
Q

Someone who was elected to vote along their own conscience for the good of the general public

A

Trustee

129
Q

Someone who was elected to vote to represent their constituents

A

Instructed Delegate

130
Q

Work congress members do on behalf of their constituents

A

Casework

131
Q

When Congress checks whether their legislation is being properly enforced

A

Oversight

132
Q

Someone who investigates public figures and agencies due to complaints made by private indivisuals

A

Ombudsperson

133
Q

The power of the media to focus the public’s attention on specific things

A

Agenda Setting

134
Q

A committee that sets the rule for debate for specific bills

A

Rules Committee

135
Q

A tactic that abuses the no limit of debate time in the Senate to delay a vote for a bill

A

Filibuster

136
Q

A vote that requires 3/5 in agreement to end a filibuster

A

Cloture

137
Q

A method of ending a filibuster about a budget bill

A

Reconciliation

138
Q

Being able to send mail without paying

A

Franking

139
Q

Redistributing the seats in the House of Representative after a cencus

A

Reappointment

140
Q

Redrawing the district lines

A

Redistricting

141
Q

A question of whether something could possibly be reviewed in court

A

Justiciable Question

142
Q

A method of gerrymandering where members of a political party of condensed into as few districts as possible

A

Packing

143
Q

A method of gerrymandering that spreads out a political party among districts so they have a majority in as few as possible

A

Cracking

144
Q

A petition that can be done to bring a bill to the floor by force, requiring 218 votes

A

Discharge Petition

145
Q

A budget the president submits to Congress

A

Executive Budget

146
Q

The time period from October 1st to September 30th that the government bases for financial reasons

A

Fiscal Year

147
Q

A process of which government bodies and agencies submit requests for funding for the next fiscal year to the Office of Management and Budget

A

Spring Review

148
Q

A process of which the Office of Management and Budget reviews what was submitted during the Spring Review, makes changes to a proposed budget, and submits the recommendations to the president

A

Fall Review

149
Q

The formal amount of money that is granted to a government agency for a fiscal year

A

Authorization

150
Q

The actual amount of money that a government agency is given for a fiscal year

A

Appropriation

151
Q

A resolution passed by Congress in May that sets revenue and spending goals for the fiscal year

A

First Budget Resolution

152
Q

A resolution passed by Congress that limits the amount of taxes and spending allowed for the nest fiscal year

A

Second Budget Resolution

153
Q

A temporary resolution passed by Congress if they haven’t agreed on a resolution by the start of the fiscal year

A

Continuing Resolution

154
Q

When a party gains more seats or power due to one of their member’s support

A

Coattails

155
Q

An election that is meant to narrow down a party’s candidate

A

Primary

156
Q

Someone who is elected to vote with the party’s interests

A

Partisan

157
Q

A method an independent donor can donate money to a campaign, with a limit of $5,000

A

PAC(Political Action Committee)

158
Q

A method an independant donor can donate money without a limit

A

Super PAC

159
Q

An organization that primarily helps republicans get elected

A

RNC(Republican National Committee)

160
Q

An organization that primarily helps Democrats get elected

A

DNC(Democratic National Committee)

161
Q

Money given to a political party in a way it avoids regulations

A

Soft Money

162
Q

A primary where voters vote for a candidate directly

A

Direct Primary

163
Q

A primary where a party’s delegates decide a party’s cadidate

A

Indirect Primary

164
Q

A primary where registered voters can vote for any candidate, regardless of party affiliations

A

Open Primary

165
Q

A primary where registered voters can only vote for a candidate from the same political party as themselves

A

Closed Primary

166
Q

Campaigns held in a specific area that are meant to narrow down candidates

A

Local Campaigns

167
Q

A meeting or party members and supports to narrow down candidates or promote a policy

A

Caucus

168
Q

A campaign done by the president running for reelection

A

Presidential Campaign

169
Q

A Tuesday when many primaries and caucuses are held

A

Super Tuesday

170
Q

A convention meant to unite a political party and where a Vice president is announced

A

National Convention

171
Q

People who cast the final votes to represent their state’s popular

A

Electors

172
Q

Election where someone is put into office

A

General Election

173
Q

Electors who don’t vote along with the popular vote

A

Faithless Electors

174
Q

An alternative to the electoral college where electoral votes are given based on the district’s popular votes and the state’s senate votes are given on the state’s popular vote

A

District Plan

175
Q

An alternative to the electoral college where the election is based on the popular vote

A

District Popular Election

176
Q

An alternative plan to the electoral college where the winner of the popular vote gain an addition 120 points

A

National Bonus Plan

177
Q

An alternative to the electoral college where a state’s electoral votes are distributed based on the percentages of the state’s popular vote

A

Proportional Plan

178
Q

A message from the President to Congress about the state of the country

A

State of the Union Address

179
Q

A method to prevent one group from controlling the majority of a market

A

Trust Busting

180
Q

Programs passed by FDN to help the country during the Great Depression

A

New Deal

181
Q

Power of the president to execute laws, appoint positions in office, file executive orders, and remove people they appoint

A

Chief Executive

182
Q

The power that allows the president to represent the country when interacting with foreign nations

A

Chief of State

183
Q

The power that allows the president to use wartime powers and command troops

A

Commander in Chief

184
Q

The power that makes the president the head of their political party and allows them to give government positions to their supporters

A

Chief of Party

185
Q

After an election, giving government powers to your supporters

A

Patronage

186
Q

The power of the president to veto bills, call sessions of Congress, and propose legislation

A

Chief Legislature

187
Q

A power to veto specific lines of a proposed bill

A

Line-Item Veto

188
Q

The power of the president to sign treaties, make executive agreements, and to recognize a new country

A

Chief Diplomat

189
Q

An agreement between nations that the president makes without involving Congress

A

Executive Agreement

190
Q

To dismiss federal offences and wipe the slate clean

A

Pardon

191
Q

To delay a sentencing

A

Reprieve

192
Q

To reduce a sentencing

A

Commutation

193
Q

To pardon a group of people

A

Amnestry

194
Q

A role in charge of federal agencies and responsible for implementing nation policies

A

Chief Administrator

195
Q

A law that is similar to other laws in place

A

Common Law

196
Q

A “structure” set by previous court cases

A

Precedent

197
Q

The decision of a court to stick with a previous courts decision of a case

A

Stare Decisis

198
Q

Laws in place

A

Statutes

199
Q

Courts that were meant to take the cases the Supreme Court didn’t have time for

A

Lower Courts

200
Q

When a president appoints Justices to push forward their own policies

A

Packing the Court

201
Q

When the court has the right to hear a case first

A

Original Jurisdiction

202
Q

When courts have the right to hear the same case

A

Concurrent Jurisdiction

203
Q

When a court has the right to be the only one that hears a case

A

Exclusive Jurisdiction

204
Q

When the Supreme Court asks a lower court to send a record for a case

A

Writ of Certiorari

205
Q

When the plaintiff can make the defendant pay for fees if the statue allows it

A

Fee Shifting

206
Q

Proof of wrong doing that must be shown to bring someone to court

A

Standing

207
Q

A person representing a group in a court case

A

Class Action

208
Q

A written summary of each sides case in court

A

Briefs

209
Q

Someone who is not involved in a case that volunteers to assist a court’s decision

A

Amicus Curiae

210
Q

When a Supreme Court Justice agrees with a decision but not for the same reason as the others

A

Concurring Opinion

211
Q

When a Supreme Court Justice disagrees with a decision

A

Dissenting Opinion

212
Q

A court decision that is meant to fix a social issue

A

Remedy

213
Q

Supreme Court decions have to be enforced by the state and federal government

A

Enforcement

214
Q

A president’s ability to shape the national agenda using their platform

A

Bully Pulpit

215
Q
A

Justiciable

216
Q
A

One Person, One Vote Doctrine

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