AP Gov't Ch. 3

Question 1

Federalism

Answer 1

A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the same land and people. It’s a system of shared power between units of government.

Question 2

Unitary Governments

Answer 2

A way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government.

Question 3

Intergovernmental Relations

Answer 3

THe workings of the federal system-the entire set of interactions among national, state, and local governments, including regulations, transfers of funds, and the sharing of information.

Question 4

Supremacy Clause

Answer 4

Clause in Article VI of the Const. that makes the Const., national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws as long as the national government is acting within its const. limits.

Question 5

Tenth Amendment

Answer 5

The const. amendment stating “The powers not delegated to the U.S. by the Const.m nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.”

Question 6

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 6

An 1819 Sup. Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state governments. (Implied Powers)

Question 7

Enumerated Powers

Answer 7

Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Const

Question 8

Implied Powers

Answer 8

Powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the Const.

Question 9

Elastic Clause

Answer 9

The end of Article 1, that authorizes congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers.`

Question 10

Gibbons v. Ogden

Answer 10

A landmark case decided in 1824 in which the Sup. Court interpreted very broadly elastic clause of the Const. giving Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce, as en-compassing virtually every form of commercial activity.

Question 11

Full, Faith, and Credit

Answer 11

A clause in Article IV of the Const. requiring each state to recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of all other states.

Question 12

Extradition

Answer 12

A legal process whereby a state surrenders a person charged with a crime to the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed.

Question 13

Privileges and Immunities

Answer 13

The provision of the Const. according citizens of each state the privileges of citizens of other states.

Question 14

Dual Federalism

Answer 14

A system of government which both the stats and national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.

Question 15

Cooperative Federalism

Answer 15

A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government.

Question 16

Devolution

Answer 16

Transferering responsibilities for policies from the federal government to state and local governments.

Question 17

Fiscal Federalism

Answer 17

The pattern of spending taxing, and providing grants in the federal system.

Question 18

Categorical Grants

Answer 18

Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or “categories,” of state and local spending.

Question 19

Project Grants

Answer 19

Federal categorical grant given for specific purposes and awarded on the basis of the merits of applications.

Question 20

Formula Grants

Answer 20

Federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations.

Question 21

Block Grants

Answer 21

Federal grants given more or less automatically to state or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services.