Ap gov review #1 Flashcards
Formal Amendment
a change in the actual wording of the Constitution, proposed by Congress or national convention, and ratified by the states
Federalist Papers
group of 85 essays written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay for the purpose of persuading the people of New York to adopt the Constitution.
Implied Power
those that are “necessary and proper” to carry out Congress’ enumerated powers, and are granted to Congress through the elastic clause.
Inherent Powers
foreign policy powers (e.g., acquiring territory) held by the national government by virtue of its being a national government
informal amendment
a change in the meaning, but not wording, of the Constitution (e.g., through a court decision such as Brown v. Board).
Judicial review
power of the courts to rule on the constitutionality of laws and government actions; established by Marbury v. Madison, 1803
Mandates
requirements imposed by the national government upon the states, some are unfunded mandates, i.e., they are imposed by the national government, but lack funding.
Marbury v. Madison, 1803
established the power of judicial review.
McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819
established principle of national supremacy and validity of implied powers.
police powers
powers of the states to protect the public health, safety, morals, and welfare of the public.
popular soveriegnty
principle in which ultimate political authority rests with the people.
reserved powers
owers held by the states through the 10th Amendment; any power not granted to the US government is “reserved” for the sates.
seperation powers
: principle in which the powers of the government are separated among three branches: legislative, executive, judicial.
shays rebellion
1786 revolt by Massachusetts farmers seeking relief from debt and foreclosure that was a factor in the calling of the Constitutional Convention.
super majority
a majority greater than a simple majority of one over half, e.g., 3/5, 2/3.
unicameral legislature
one-house legislature
