AP GOV Federalism

Question 1

a system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

Answer 1

federalism

Question 2

a system of political organization in which most or all of the governing power resides in a centralized government, in contrast to a federal state

Answer 2

unitary government

Question 3

establishes that the federal constitution, and federal law generally, take precedence over state laws, and even state constitutions

Answer 3

supremacy clause

Question 4

says that the Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution; if it isn’t listed, it belongs to the states or to the people

Answer 4

tenth amendment

Question 5

specific powers granted to Congress by the United States Constitution

Answer 5

enumerated powers

Question 6

powers that aren’t spelled out in the Constitution

Answer 6

implied or inherent powers

Question 7

a statement in the U.S. Constitution granting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers

Answer 7

elastic clause

Question 8

addresses the duty that states within the United States have to respect the “public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.”

Answer 8

full faith and credit

Question 9

the removal of a person from a requested state to a requesting state for criminal prosecution or punishment

Answer 9

extradition

Question 10

prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner

Answer 10

privelges and immunites

Question 11

a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms, with state governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the federal government

Answer 11

dual federalism

Question 12

funds the federal government gives to state and local governments to spend on specific activities within specific programs

Answer 12

categorial grants

Question 13

a grant from central government which a local authority can allocate to a wide range of services

Answer 13

block grants

Question 14

federal government regulations issued on state and local levels without financial assistance

Answer 14

unfunded mandate

Question 15

the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration

Answer 15

devolution

Question 16

powers which are shared by both the federal government and state governments

Answer 16

concurrent powers

Question 17

a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that defined the scope of the U.S. Congress’s legislative power and how it relates to the powers of American state legislatures

Answer 17

McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819

Question 18

a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation

Answer 18

Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824

Question 19

a landmark case of the United States Supreme Court concerning the Commerce Clause. It was the first case since 1937 in which the Court held that Congress had exceeded its power to legislate under the Commerce Clause

Answer 19

United States v. Lopez, 1995

Question 20

landmark civil rights case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples

Answer 20

Obergefell v. Hodges, 2015