AP Gov Extra Credit - Complete Your Own Review

Question 1

Limited Government

Answer 1

The idea that certain restrictions should be placed on the government to protect the natural rights of citizens.

Question 2

Natural Rights

Answer 2

The idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property.

Question 3

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 3

The government gets its power from the people.

Question 4

Republicanism

Answer 4

A type of government in which certain people are chosen to be representative of the group as a whole.

Question 5

Social Contract

Answer 5

The theory that people make a deal with their government where they give up some freedom in order to protect others.

Question 6

Participatory Democracy

Answer 6

Individual people influence government (vote).

Question 7

Pluralist Democracy

Answer 7

Political power rest with competing groups who share influence in government.

Question 8

Elite Democracy

Answer 8

Elite citizens in charge of the government in the United States and others have little influence (Wealthy/Educated).

Question 9

Great (Connecticut) Compromise

Answer 9

Two houses of congress, one with equal representation and one with proportional representation.

Question 10

The 3/5 Compromise

Answer 10

Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person.

Question 11

The Compromise on the Importation of Slaves

Answer 11

Congress could ban slaves after 1808, imported slaves could be taxed.

Question 12

Brutus 1

Answer 12

• Argument against the Constitution
• Examples of History
• The U.S. is too big
• Too many different interests
• Government will be too far away
• Government is too powerful
• Supremacy/Necessary and Proper Clause

Question 13

Federalist 10

Answer 13

Argued that the government needs more power to control factions and that a Republican government is better for representing larger groups.

Question 14

Federalism

Answer 14

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments.

Question 15

Federalist 51

Answer 15

There are corrupt people, so we need a government that doesn’t give anyone too much power/the constitution does this by separating power between branches and between the federal gov’t and states.

Question 16

Articles of Confederation

Answer 16

1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)/All power to states and not the government.

Question 17

Declaration of Independence

Answer 17

the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain.

Question 18

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 18

The court ruled that the states did not have the power to tax the national bank. Used the backing of the Supremacy Clause to argue that states could not interfere with legitimate federal laws.

Question 19

The United States v. Lopez

Answer 19

The Supreme Court ruled that Congress had exceeded its constitutional authority under the Commerce Clause when it passed a law prohibiting gun possession in local school zones. This increased state powers to regulate such matters while decreasing federal power.

Question 20

Political Socialization

Answer 20

Things that influence your political views (family, media, friends, etc).

Question 21

Globalization

Answer 21

Technical, Political, Economic, Financial, and Culture exchange.

Question 22

Influence of Major Political Events

Answer 22

Events in history that might change your political views (9/11, The Great Depression, etc); also allows for the growth of government.

Question 23

Exit Poll

Answer 23

The poll was taken as people are exiting polling place; asking them how they voted.

Question 24

Benchmark Poll

Answer 24

Initial poll to give a candidate an idea of where people stand to create a strategy for campaigning.

Question 25

Liberal

Answer 25

One who favors more government regulation of business and support for social welfare but less regulation of private social conduct.

Question 26

Conservative

Answer 26

A set of beliefs that includes a limited role for the national government in helping individuals, support for traditional values and lifestyles, and cautious response to change.

Question 27

Libertarian

Answer 27

One who is conservative on economic issues, liberal on personal conduct issues. middle America.

Question 28

Public Opinion

Answer 28

The distribution of individual preferences or evaluations of a given issue, candidate, or institution within a specific population.

Question 29

Keynesian Economics

Answer 29

The philosophy that government spending is needed to promote/boost economic growth.

Question 30

Supply-side Economics

Answer 30

This is a theory that if taxes were cut on the richest people in society, rich people would use their extra money to invest in the economy, but if taxes were increased, the wealthy would leave the country and invest somewhere else where the tax rates are lower.

Question 31

Entitlement Programs

Answer 31

A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law.

Question 32

Social Issues

Answer 32

citizens’ involvement in groups and their relationships to their communities and families. So… issues that reflect personal value rather than economic ones.

Question 33

15th Amendment

Answer 33

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any states on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Question 34

17th Amendment

Answer 34

The right of citizens of the United State gave people the right to vote for their senators instead of the state legislature. And said that if a senate seat is not filled, the governor can pick a new senator.

Question 35

19th Amendment

Answer 35

The rights of citizens Of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

Question 36

24th Amendment

Answer 36

The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or another elector for president or vice primary for elector for president or vice president, or Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged because of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.

Question 37

26th Amendment

Answer 37

The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United State on account of age.

Question 38

Rational Choice Voting

Answer 38

Voting for the candidate who is going to do the thing that benefits me more personally.

Question 39

Retrospective Voting

Answer 39

Voting to keep or remove a candidate based on their past performance in office.

Question 40

Prospective Voting

Answer 40

Poaching for the candidate based on what you believe they will do when they’re in office.

Question 41

Party-line Voting

Answer 41

Voting for the same party for every position on the ballot.

Question 42

Political Efficacy

Answer 42

Is the citizens’ trust in their ability to change the government and belief that they can understand and influence political affairs?

Question 43

Political Parties

Answer 43

Nominate candidates for office, put forth policy platforms for people to support, and inform people about elections.

Question 44

Interest Groups

Answer 44

Allow people to organize together to try to inspect their government, often around a single issue or group of related issues.

Question 45

Elections

Answer 45

Allow people to choose who will represent them in government, and also something directly vote on issues within states.

Question 46

Media

Answer 46

Inform people about what is happening with their government through television newspaper magazines, Radio, and the internet.

Question 47

Candidate Centered Campaigns

Answer 47

Focus more on who is running rather than which party they represent.

Question 48

Critical Elections and Realignment

Answer 48

Electoral earthquake where new issues emerge, new coalitions replace old ones, and the majority party is often displaced by the minority party.

Question 49

Barriers to Third-Party Success

Answer 49

Although the Constitution doesn’t make any rules about political parties, the US government has a two-party system in which candidates from the two major political parties win nearly all elected offices.

Question 50

Iron Triangles

Answer 50

A congressional committee and a government agency work together to control policy on an issue.

Question 51

Issue Networks

Answer 51

A number of different people in interest groups, congress, government agencies, universities, and the media are debating an issue.

Question 52

Free-rider Problem

Answer 52

The problem faced by unions and other groups when people do not join because they can benefit from the group’s activities without actually joining.

Question 53

Incumbency Advantage

Answer 53

The electoral advantage a candidate enjoys by virtue of being an incumbent, over and above his or her other personal and political characteristics, open primary.

Question 54

Electoral College

Answer 54

Established in Article II, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution, the Electoral College is the formal body that elects the President and Vice President of the United States.

Question 55

Citizens United v. FEC

Answer 55

(Supreme Court) Federal Election Commission held that corporations could be banned from making electioneering communications. The Court upheld the reporting and disclaimer requirements for independent expenditures and electioneering communications.

Question 56

Horse Race Coverage

Answer 56

Is political journalism of elections that resembles coverage of horse races because of the focus on polling data, public perception instead of candidate policy, and almost exclusive reporting on candidate differences rather than similarities.

Question 57

Roles of the Media

Answer 57

The Media can serve as a gatekeeper deciding what subjects become national political issues and for how long. They play the role of the gatekeeper by controlling what information people get and what information gets out.

Question 58

Media Bias and Ownership

Answer 58

Is the bias or perceived bias of journalists and news producers within the mass media in the selection of events and stories that are reported and how they are covered and the trend toward single company ownership of several media sources in one area.