ap gov David Alvarez

Question 1

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 1

16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth

Question 2

Andrew Johnson

Answer 2

A American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Before being elected to the presidency, Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of Congress.

Question 3

Barack Obama

Answer 3

Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American to be elected to the presidency and previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois.

Question 4

Barron v. Baltimore

Answer 4

The Supreme Court decision holding that freedoms of press and speech are “fundamental personal rights and liberties protected by the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment from impairment by the states” as well as by the federal government.

Question 5

bill of attainder

Answer 5

A government decree that a person is guilty of a crime that carries the death penalty, rendered without the benefit of a trial. The first 10 amendments to the US constitution, concerned with the basic protection of civil liberties. Any crime in which death is the possible penalty.

Question 6

Block Grant

Answer 6

Federal Grants given more or less automatically to sates or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services

Question 7

Calvin Coolidge

Answer 7

John Calvin Coolidge Jr. was an American politician and the 30th President of the United States. A Republican lawyer from New England, born in Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor

Question 8

categorical grants

Answer 8

Federal Grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or “categories”, of state and local spending. They come with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions.

Question 9

Civil War

Answer 9

The Civil War, also known as “The War Between the States,” was fought between the United States of America and the Confederate States of America, a collection of eleven southern states that left the Union in 1860 and 1861 and formed their own country in order to protect the institution of slavery.

Question 10

Charter

Answer 10

a document, issued by a sovereign or state, outlining the conditions under which a corporation, colony,
city, or other corporate body is organized, and defining its rights and privileges.

Question 11

concurrent powers

Answer 11

powers in nations with a federal system of government that are shared by both the State and the federal government.

Question 12

confederate states of america

Answer 12

The Confederate States of America, also known as the Confederacy, was a group of eleven southern states that seceded from the United States of America in 1860 and 1861

Question 13

confederation

Answer 13

a form of government in which sovereignty is wholly on the hands of the states and local governments, so the national government is dependent in their will

Question 14

cooperative federalism

Answer 14

A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly.

Question 15

counties

Answer 15

a political and administrative division of a state, providing certain local governmental services.

Question 16

democracy

Answer 16

a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

Question 17

dillon’s rule

Answer 17

the stipulation that the terms of a municipal charters be narrowly interpreted. Reversed by home rule charters, to some extent

Question 18

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Answer 18

the Supreme Court ruled that Americans of African descent, whether free or slave, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court. The Court also ruled that Congress lacked power to ban slavery in the U.S. territories.

Question 19

dual federalism

Answer 19

an interpretation of the Constitution which holds that states are as supreme within their sphere of power as is the federal government within its sphere of power

Question 20

enumerated powers

Answer 20

The Enumerated powers of the United States Congress are listed in Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution. In summary, Congress may exercise the powers that the Constitution grants it, subject to the individual rights listed in the Bill of Rights.

Question 21

ex post facto law

Answer 21

An ex post facto law is a law that retroactively changes the legal consequences of actions that were committed, or relationships that existed, before the enactment of the law

Question 22

extradition clause

Answer 22

The Extradition Clause or Interstate Rendition Clause of the United States Constitution is Article IV, Section 2, Clause 2, which provides for the extradition of a criminal back to the state where he or she has committed a crime.

Question 23

federal system

Answer 23

a form of government in which sovereignty is shared, so that on some matters the national government is supreme and on others the states are supreme

Question 24

Franklin D Roosevelt

Answer 24

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

Question 25

full faith and credit clause

Answer 25

Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, known as the “Full Faith and Credit Clause”, addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the “public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.’

Question 26

Gibbons v. ogden

Answer 26

was a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

Question 27

Great society

Answer 27

The Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964–65. The main goal was the elimination of poverty and racial injustice

Question 28

herbert hoover

Answer 28

Herbert Clark Hoover was an American engineer, businessman and politician who served as the 31st President of the United States from 1929 to 1933 during the Great Depression.

Question 29

implied powers

Answer 29

Implied powers, in the United States, are powers authorized by the Constitution that, while not stated, seem implied by powers that are expressly stated.

Question 30

interstate compacts

Answer 30

In the United States of America, an interstate compact is an agreement between two or more states. Article I, Section 10 of the United States Constitution provides that “No State shall, without the Consent of Congress… enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State.”

Question 31

iroquois confederacy

Answer 31

The Iroquois Confederacy was a confederation of Native American Indians which was originally composed of 5 tribes consisting of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca peoples.

Question 32

John C. Calhoun

Answer 32

John Caldwell Calhoun was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina, and the seventh Vice President of the United States from 1825 to 1832

Question 33

John Marshall

Answer 33

John James Marshall was an American politician who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835. Marshall remains the longest-serving chief justice in Supreme Court history, and he is widely regarded as one of the most influential justices to ever sit on the Supreme Court.

Question 34

Lydon B. Johnson

Answer 34

Lyndon Baines Johnson, often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969. Formerly the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963, he became president after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.

Question 35

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 35

A supreme court decision that said Congress can exercise powers not specifically mentioned in the Constitution if the power can be implied from an enumerated power (necessary and proper clause), and that the federal government is immune to taxation by the states

Question 36

Monarchy

Answer 36

A monarchy is a form of government in which a group, generally a family representing a dynasty, embodies the country’s national identity and its head, the monarch, exercises the role of sovereignty. The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic, to partial and restricted, to completely autocratic.

Question 37

municipalities

Answer 37

a government with general responsibilities, such as a city, town, or village government, that is created in response to the emergence of relatively densely populated areas.

Question 38

new deal

Answer 38

The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted by liberal Democrats led by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1936. They responded to needs for relief, reform and recovery from the Great Depression

Question 39

new federalism

Answer 39

a political philosophy of devolution, or the transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government back to the states. … As a policy theme, New Federalism typically involves the federal government providing block grants to the states to resolve a social issue.

Question 40

nullification

Answer 40

a doctrine espoused on behalf of the states’ rights position which holds that states are empowered to void federal laws considered in violation of the Constitution

Question 41

oligarchy

Answer 41

Oligarchy is a form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people. These people may be distinguished by nobility, wealth, family ties, education or corporate, religious or political, military control.

Question 42

privileges and immunities clause

Answer 42

The Privileges and Immunities Clause prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner. Additionally, a right of interstate travel may plausibly be inferred from the clause.

Question 43

programmatic requests

Answer 43

federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district

Question 44

progressive federalism

Answer 44

a pragmatic approach to federalism that views relations between national and state governments as both coercive and cooperative

Question 45

reconstruction

Answer 45

the transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877, with the reconstruction of state and society in the former Confederacy. In battles between the president and Congress, the president prevailed until the election of 1866, which enabled the Radical Republicans to take control of policy, remove from power the ex-Confederates, and enfranchise the Freedmen (freed slaves).

Question 46

reserved powers

Answer 46

Reserved powers, residual powers, or residuary powers are the powers which are neither prohibited nor explicitly given by law to any organ of government. Such powers, as well as general power of competence, are given because it is impractical to detail in legislation every act allowed to be carried out by the state

Question 47

Roger B. Taney

Answer 47

Roger Brooke Taney was the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864

Question 48

Ronald Reagan

Answer 48

Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Prior to the presidency, he was a Hollywood actor and trade union leader before serving as the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975

Question 49

secession

Answer 49

A formal withdrawal from membership within an alliance. More Narrowly, a state’s withdrawal from the Union. The southern states claimed a right to withdrawal from the Union. Abraham Lincoln used his emergency power to prevent them from doing so.

Question 50

seventeenth amendment

Answer 50

The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states

Question 51

sixteenth amendment

Answer 51

The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the United States Census

Question 52

special district

Answer 52

Special districts are independent, special-purpose governmental units that exist separately from local governments such as county, municipal, and township governments, with substantial administrative and fiscal independence. They are formed to perform a single function or a set of related functions

Question 53

tenth amendment

Answer 53

The Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, was ratified on December 15, 1791

Question 54

totalitarianism

Answer 54

Totalitarianism is a political concept that defines a mode of government, which prohibits opposition parties, restricts individual opposition to the state and its claims, and exercises an extremely high degree of control over public and private life.

Question 55

unitary system

Answer 55

A unitary state is a state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government.