AP gov chapter 3

Question 1

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 1

Abraham Lincoln was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through the American Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis

Question 2

Andrew Johnson

Answer 2

Andrew Johnson was the 17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. Johnson assumed the presidency as he was Vice President of the United States at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln

Question 3

Barack Obama

Answer 3

Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American to be elected to the presidency and previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois

Question 4

Barron v. Baltimore

Answer 4

Barron v. Baltimore, 32 U.S. 243, is a landmark United States Supreme Court case in 1833, which helped define the concept of federalism in US constitutional law. The Court established a precedent that the Bill of Rights did not apply to the state governments.

Question 5

bill of attainder

Answer 5

A bill of attainder is an act of a legislature declaring a person or group of persons guilty of some crime and punishing them, often without a trial.

Question 6

block grant

Answer 6

a grant from a central government that a local authority can allocate to a wide range of services.

Question 7

Calvin Coolidge

Answer 7

John Calvin Coolidge Jr. was an American politician and the 30th President of the United States. A Republican lawyer from New England, born in Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor.

Question 8

categorical grants

Answer 8

Categorical grants, also called conditional grants, are grants issued by the United States Congress which may be spent only for narrowly defined purposes

Question 9

Civil war

Answer 9

The American Civil War was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The Civil War is the most studied and written about episode in U.S. history.

Question 10

charter

Answer 10

a document, issued by a sovereign or state, outlining the conditions under which a corporation, colony,
city, or other corporate body is organized, and defining its rights and privileges.

Question 11

concurrent powers

Answer 11

Concurrent powers are powers that are shared by both the State and the federal government. These powers may be exercised simultaneously within the same territory and in relation to the same body of citizens. These concurrent powers including regulating elections, taxing, borrowing money and establishing courts.

Question 12

confederate states of america

Answer 12

The Confederacy Established. South Carolina was the first to secede, on December 20, 1860, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. On February 8, 1861, representatives of those states announced the formation of the Confederate States of America, with its capital at Montgomery, Alabama.

Question 13

confederation

Answer 13

an organization that consists of a number of parties or groups united in an alliance or league.

Question 14

cooperative federalism

Answer 14

Cooperative federalism, also known as marble-cake federalism, is a concept of federalism in which national, state, and local governments interact cooperatively and collectively to solve common problems

Question 15

counties

Answer 15

a political and administrative division of a state, providing certain local governmental services.

Question 16

democracy

Answer 16

a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

Question 17

Dillons rule

Answer 17

a municipal government has authority to act only when : (1) the power is granted in the express words of the statute, private act, or charter creating the municipal corporation

Question 18

Dred scott v sandford

Answer 18

n Dred Scott v. Sandford (argued 1856 – decided 1857), the Supreme Court ruled that Americans of African descent, whether free or slave, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court. The Court also ruled that Congress lacked power to ban slavery in the U.S. territories.

Question 19

enumerated powers

Answer 19

The Enumerated powers of the United States Congress are listed in Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution. In summary, Congress may exercise the powers that the Constitution grants it, subject to the individual rights listed in the Bill of Rights

Question 20

ex post facto law

Answer 20

“after the fact.” An ex post facto law is one which makes a particular act illegal, and punishes people who committed that crime before the law was passed, i.e., when the act was legal. (denied to state/national)

Question 21

extradition clause

Answer 21

The Extradition Clause or Interstate Rendition Clause of the United States Constitution is Article IV, Section 2, Clause 2, which provides for the extradition of a criminal back to the state where he or she has committed a crime.

Question 22

federal system

Answer 22

Federalism is the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government with regional governments in a single political system.

Question 23

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Answer 23

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

Question 24

full faith and credit clause

Answer 24

Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, known as the “Full Faith and Credit Clause”, addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the “public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.

Question 25

gibbons v. ogden

Answer 25

Gibbons v. Ogden, 22 U.S. 1, was a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation

Question 26

great society

Answer 26

a domestic program in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson that instituted federally sponsored social welfare programs.

Question 27

Herbert Hoover

Answer 27

Herbert Clark Hoover was an American engineer, businessman and politician who served as the 31st President of the United States from 1929 to 1933 during the Great Depression.

Question 28

implied powers

Answer 28

This “Necessary and Proper Clause” (sometimes also called the “Elastic Clause”) grants Congress a set of so-called implied powers—that is, powers not explicitly named in the Constitution but assumed to exist due to their being necessary to implement the expressed powers that are named in Article I.

Question 29

interstate compacts

Answer 29

In the United States of America, an interstate compact is an agreement between two or more states. Article I, Section 10 of the United States Constitution provides that “No State shall, without the Consent of Congress… enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State.”

Question 30

Iroquois confederacy

Answer 30

The Iroquois Confederacy was a confederation of Native American Indians which was originally composed of 5 tribes consisting of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca peoples.

Question 31

John c. Calhoun

Answer 31

john Caldwell Calhoun was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina, and the seventh Vice President of the United States from 1825 to 1832.

Question 32

John Marshall

Answer 32

John James Marshall was an American politician who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835. Marshall remains the longest-serving chief justice in Supreme Court history, and he is widely regarded as one of the most influential justices to ever sit on the Supreme Court.

Question 33

Lyndon B. Johnson

Answer 33

Lyndon Baines Johnson, often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969. Formerly the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963, he became president after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy

Question 34

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 34

McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316, was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland.

Question 35

monarchy

Answer 35

a form of government with a monarch at the head.

Question 36

municipalities

Answer 36

a city or town that has corporate status and local government.

Question 37

New deal

Answer 37

The New Deal was a series of programs and projects instituted during the Great Depression by President Franklin D. Roosevelt that aimed to restore prosperity to Americans. When Roosevelt took office in 1933, he acted swiftly to stabilize the economy and provide jobs and relief to those who were suffering.

Question 38

new federalism

Answer 38

New Federalism is a political philosophy of devolution, or the transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government back to the states.

Question 39

nullification

Answer 39

Nullification, in United States constitutional history, is a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional with respect to the United States Constitution (as opposed to the state’s own constitution).

Question 40

oligarchy

Answer 40

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

Question 41

privileges and immunities clause

Answer 41

The Privileges and Immunities Clause prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner. Additionally, a right of interstate travel may plausibly be inferred from the clause.

Question 42

programmatic requests

Answer 42

A programmatic request, sometimes referred to as a Member request, is guidance solicited by the House and Senate appropriations subcommittees from Members of Congress

Question 43

progressive federalism

Answer 43

Progressive Federalism- most recent form of federalism; allows states to have greater control over certain powers usually reserved for the national government.

Question 44

reconstruction

Answer 44

The Reconstruction era was the period from 1863 to 1877 in American history

Question 45

reserved powers

Answer 45

Reserved powers, residual powers, or residuary powers are the powers which are neither prohibited nor explicitly given by law to any organ of government. Such powers, as well as general power of competence, are given because it is impractical to detail in legislation every act allowed to be carried out by the state

Question 46

Roger b. Taney

Answer 46

Roger Brooke Taney was the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864

Question 47

secession

Answer 47

the action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state.

Question 48

seventeenth amendment

Answer 48

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.

Question 49

sixteenth amendment

Answer 49

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

Question 50

special district

Answer 50

Special districts are independent, special-purpose governmental units that exist separately from local governments such as county, municipal, and township governments, with substantial administrative and fiscal independence. They are formed to perform a single function or a set of related functions.

Question 51

tenth amendment

Answer 51

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Question 52

totalitarianism

Answer 52

a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state.

Question 53

unitary system

Answer 53

A unitary state is a state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government