AP gov chapeter 15 Flashcards
affordable care act
or nicknamed Obamacare, is a United States federal statute enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010
agenda setting
theory describes the “ability [of the news media] to influence the importance placed on the topics of the public agenda
board of government
The board of governors is a several-member group that oversees or manages the running of an institution
budget deficit
more spending than there is revenue available to pay for the spending, over a specific period of time. Debt is the aggregate value of deficits accumulated over time
charter school
a publicly funded independent school established by teachers, parents, or community groups under the terms of a charter with a local or national authority
common core
is a set of high-quality academic standards in mathematics and English language arts/literacy (ELA). These learning goals outline what a student should know and be able to do at the end of each grade
department of health and human services
The United States government’s principal agency for “protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves.” Also known as DHHS and HHS
depression
being really low on the economy
discount rate
the minimum interest rate set by the Federal Reserve for lending to other banks.
distributive policies
Aimed at ensuring proper distribution of opportunities, goods, services among different sections of society. Meant for specific groups / sections of society. Redistributive Policies Concerned with changing the existing distribution or allocation of resources or benefits
entitlement programs
a government program that guarantees certain benefits to a particular group or segment of the population
federal reserve system
The Federal Reserve System is the central banking system of the United States of America. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics led to the desire for central control of the monetary system in order to alleviate financial crises
fiscal policy
In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection and expenditure to influence the economy. According to Keynesian economics, when the government changes the levels of taxation and government spending, it influences aggregate demand and the level of economic activity
governmental agenda
A political agenda is a list of subjects or problems to which government officials as well as individuals outside the government are paying serious attention at any given time
gross domestic product
the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year
inflation
a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money
keynesian economics
Keynesian economics are the various macroeconomic theories about how in the short run – and especially during recessions – economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand
laissez-faire
a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering
means-tested programs
Understanding Means-tested Welfare or Aid to the Poor. … For example, food stamps, public housing, Medicaid, and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families are means-tested aid programs that provide benefits only to poor and lower-income persons
medicaid
Medicaid is a health care program that assists low-income families or individuals in paying for doctor visits, hospital stays, long-term medical, custodial care costs and more
medicare
Medicare is a single-payer national health insurance program in the United States, begun in 1966 under the Social Security Administration and now administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services of the U.S. federal government
monetary policy
Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country, typically the central bank or currency board, controls either the cost of very short-term borrowing or the monetary base, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency
national debt
The aggregate, gross amount that Treasury can borrow is limited by the United States debt ceiling. As of October 28, 2018, debt held by the public was $15.8 trillion and intragovernmental holdings were $5.8 trillion, for a total or “National Debt” of $21.6 trillion
no child left behind act
The No Child Left Behind Act authorizes several federal education programs that are administered by the states. The law is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Under the 2002 law, states are required to test students in reading and math in grades 3–8 and once in high school
non-means-tested programs
Government programs available only to individuals below a poverty line. Examples of Non-means tests. social security, medicare, veterans disability benefits, unemployment benefits. Examples of Means-Tested programs. medicaid, supplemental security income, temporary assistance for needy families, food stamps
open market operations
An open market operation is an activity by a central bank to give liquidity in its currency to a bank or a group of banks.
policy adoption
Policy adoption is the third phase of the policy process in which policies are adopted by government bodies for future implementation
policy evaluation
Policy evaluation applies evaluation principles and methods to examine the content, implementation or impact of a policy. Evaluation is the activity through which we develop an understanding of the merit, worth, and utility of a policy
policy formulation
Definition of Policy Formulation. Let us again start with the consideration of a definition: Policy formulation is the development of effective and acceptable courses of action for addressing what has been placed on the policy agenda.
policy implementation
As a general concept policy implementation can be defined as the third stage of policy cycle its means the stage of the policy process immediately after the passage of a law, or the action that will be taken to put the law into effect or that the problem will be solved
public policy
the principles, often unwritten, on which social laws are based
recession
In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction when there is a general slowdown in economic activity. Macroeconomic indicators such as GDP, investment spending, capacity utilization, household income, business profits, and inflation fall, while bankruptcies and the unemployment rate rise
redistributive policies
Redistribution of income and redistribution of wealth are respectively the transfer of income and of wealth (including physical property) from some individuals to others by means of a social mechanism such as taxation, charity, welfare, public services, land reform, monetary policies, confiscation, divorce or tort law
regulatory policies
In addition to fiscal and monetary policies, a government affects the economy through regulatory policy, which aims to limit what can be done in the marketplace. Most governments have some regulations covering a variety of areas, including: Banking, insurance, and other financial businesses
reserve requirement
The reserve requirement is a central bank regulation employed by most, but not all, of the world’s central banks, that sets the minimum amount of reserves that must be held by a commercial bank
social security act
the Social Security Act established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped
systemic agenda
all issues that are commonly perceived by members of the political community as meriting public attention and as involving matters within the legitimate jurisdiction of existing governmental authority
voucher
a small printed piece of paper that entitles the holder to a discount or that may be exchanged for goods or services
