AP GOv CH.6 Graciela Osorio p.3

Question 1

Apportionment

Answer 1

Distribution of representatives among the states based on the population of each state
Sentence; Apportionment is the process of dividing up the 435 memberships, or seats, in the House of Representatives among the 50 states according to population.

Question 2

Bicameral Legislation

Answer 2

A lawmaking body made up of two chambers or parts. The U.S. Congress is a bicameral legislature composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
Sentence; a bicameral legislature provided the perfect opportunity for compromise—in fact, for “The Great Compromise.” Small states got their equal representation in the Senate, large states got their proportional representation in the House, and everyone went home happy.

Question 3

Bill

Answer 3

a legislative proposal that if passed by both the House and Senate and approved by the President becomes law. Each is then assigned a number. HR are for ones that originate in the House and S is for the Senate.
sentence; the bill of rights ensures much security for americans.

Question 4

Cloture

Answer 4

a rule for limiting or ending debate in a deliberative body
sentence; a further interpretation of cloture is the only procedure by which the Senate can vote to place a
Sentence; To invoke cloture to end debate over changing the Senate rules, the original version of the rule (two-thirds of those Senators “present and voting”) still applies.

Question 5

Committee of the Whole

Answer 5

A device used in the House of Representatives to expedite the passage of legislation. The quorum is reduced from 218 members to 100, and the Speaker appoints a member of the majority party as chair. Time allotted for debating the bill in question is split equally between its proponents and opponents. The committee cannot itself pass legislation but may debate and propose amendments.
Sentence; In the House, a quorum is a majority of the Representatives; in Committee of the Whole, it is only 100 Members. However, the House has traditionally assumed that a quorum is always present unless a Member makes a point of order that it is not.

Question 6

Conference committee

Answer 6

A joint committee appointed to resolce differences in the Senate and House versions of the same bill.
Sentence; If either chamber does not pass the bill then it dies. If the House and Senate pass the same bill then it is sent to the President. If the House and Senate pass different bills they are sent to Conference Committee. Most major legislation goes to a Conference Committee.

Question 7

Congressional Budget Act of 1974

Answer 7

Created in 1974 to advise Congress on the economic effects of spending programs and to provide information on the cost of proposed policies.
Sentence; Prior to the enactment of the Congressional Budget Act, the Congress did not have a process or timetable for developing a budget, setting budget priorities, managing overall revenue and spending levels, or coordinating budget-related legislation

Question 8

Congressional Budget office (CBO)

Answer 8

staff agency that advises Congress on the likely economic effects of different spending programs and provides information on the costs of the proposed policies.
Sentence; The Congressional Budget Office is located at the Ford House Office Building, Fourth Floor, Second and D Streets, SW, Washington, DC 20515-6925.

Question 9

Congressional Research Service (CRS)

Answer 9

Created in 1914 to respond to congressional requests for information. It also keeps track of every major bill and produces summaries of legislation for members of Congress.
Sentence By law, CRS works exclusively for Congress, providing timely, objective, and authoritative research and analysis to committees and Members of both the House and Senate, regardless of political party affiliation

Question 10

Congressional Review

Answer 10

a process whereby congress can nullify agency regulations by a joint resolution of legislative disapproval
sentence; Congressional Review Act is a powerful tool in the conservative war on the administrative state.

Question 11

Delegate

Answer 11

a person sent or authorized to represent others, in particular an elected representative sent to a conference
sentence; Leaving the Democratic party on the Kansas-Nebraska issue, he assisted in the formation of the Republican party in Connecticut, and was its candidate for governor in 1856; he was a delegate to the Republican national conventions of 1856 and 1860.

Question 12

Discharge petition

Answer 12

a petition that if signed by a majority of the House, 218 members, requires a bill to come out of a committee and be moved to the floor of the House.
sentence; What the Republican discharge petition means for DACA, ‘Dreamers’ … Their goal is to find a lasting solution for Dreamers who have benefitted from Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA, the Obama-era program protecting some young immigrants from deportation.

Question 13

divided government

Answer 13

A government in which one party controls the white house and another party controls one or both houses of congress
sentence; a divided government exists when the presidency is controlled by one party (e.g., the Democrats), and Congress is controlled by another party

Question 14

Edmund Burke

Answer 14

A conservative leader who was deeply troubled by the aroused spirit of reform. In 1790, he published Reforms on The Revolution in France
sentence; Edmund burke was a whig

Question 15

Filibuster

Answer 15

An attempt to defeat a bill in the senate by talking indefinitely, thus preventing the senate from taking action to the bill
sentence; Long once held the Senate floor for 15 hours. The record for the longest individual speech goes to South Carolina’s J. Strom Thurmond who filibustered for 24 hours and 18 minutes against the Civil Rights Act of 1957

Question 16

Gerrymandering

Answer 16

Drawing congressional district lines in a bizarre or unusual shape to make it easy for a candidate of one party to win elections in that district.
sentence; An example of a gerrymander is a creation of a smaller voting district to take away votes from a particular candidate.

Question 17

Government Accountability office (GAO)

Answer 17

helps Congress perfom its oversight functions by reviewing activities of exectuive branch to see if it’s following congressional intent of laws and efficiency and effectiveness of policy implementation. also sets government standards for accounting, provides legal opinions, and settles claims against gov.
sentence; The United States Government Publishing Office (GPO) (formerly the Government Printing Office) is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States federal government.

Question 18

Hillary Clinton

Answer 18

Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton is an American politician, diplomat, and lawyer. She served as the 67th United States Secretary of State. A former U.S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, before that she was the First Lady of the United States
sentence; hillary clinton ran agaianst trump

Question 19

hold

Answer 19

Senators have power to place HOLD - Indication of disapproval for a bill, strong hesitation will likely lead to a filibuster, a hold allows Senators to be informed of any change in status or action on a bill or confirmation, holds can usually be very powerful/influencial, if there are 60 votes: Holds won’t stick.
sentence; hold is very important to senators.

Question 20

House Committee on Rules

Answer 20

The Committee on Rules, or more commonly, the Rules Committee, is a committee of the United States House of Representatives. Rather than being responsible for a specific area of policy, as most other committees are, it is in charge of determining under what rule other bills will come to the floor.
sentence; Chairman Pete Sessions. Pete Sessions (R-TX) has served in the House of Representatives since 1997 and as chairman of the House Rules Committee since 2013

Question 21

impeachment

Answer 21

The power delegated to the House of Representatives in the Constitution to charge the president, vice president, or other “civil officers” including federal judges, with “Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.” This is the first step in the constitutional process of removing such government officials from office
sentence; The U.S. House of Representatives votes 11 articles of impeachment against President Andrew Johnson, nine of which cite Johnson’s removal of Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, a violation of the Tenure of Office Act. The House vote made President Johnson the first president to be impeached in U.S. history

Question 22

incumbency

Answer 22

The fact that being in office helps a person stay in office because of a variety of benefits that go with the position.
sentence; imcumbency often helps most candidates in office.

Question 23

joint committee

Answer 23

committees on which both representatives and senators serve. An especially important kind of joint committee is the conference committee made up of representatives and senators appointed to resolve differences in the Senate and House versions of the same piece of legislation before final passage.
sentence; They are set up to conduct business between the houses and to help focus public attention on major issues. Some joint committees handle routine matters, such as supervising the Library of Congress. … A conference committee is made up of members from the House and Senate committees that originally considered the bill.

Question 24

logrolling

Answer 24

Vote trading; voting to support a colleague’s bill in return for a promise of future support.
sentence; Logrolling occurs when each of two people agree to vote for the other’s project to ensure that both are passed. A votes for B and B votes for A. Logrolling is commonly used when neither decision is able to obtain the necessary majority of the votes needed for passage on their own accord.

Question 25

majority leader

Answer 25

the legislative leader elected by party members holding the majority of seats in the House or the Senate
sentence; The majority leader helps plan daily, weekly, and annual legislative agendas; consults with members to gauge sentiment on issues; urges colleagues to support or defeat measures on the floor; and, in general, works to advance the goals of the majority party

Question 26

majority party

Answer 26

The political party in each house of Congress with the most members.
sentence; majority parties are the democratic party and the Republican party.

Question 27

markup

Answer 27

Revisions and additions to legislation made by committees and subcommittees. These changes are not part of a bill unless approved by the house of which the committee is a part.
sentence; Markup (or mark-up) is the process by which a U.S. congressional committee or state legislative session debates, amends, and rewrites proposed legislation.

Question 28

minority leader

Answer 28

The legislative leader elected by party members holding a minority of seats in the House or the Senate
sentence; The current Majority Leader is Osei Kyei-Mensah Bonsu of the NPP. Minority Leader - The Minority leader is elected from the second largest party in Parliament. A deputy minority leader and a chief whip assist him, constituting the minority leadership of Parliament.

Question 29

minority party

Answer 29

The political party in each house of Congress with the second most members.
sentence; The House of Representatives, with its large membership, has chosen majority and minority leaders since the 19th century to expedite legislative business and to keep their parties united. … The minority leader serves as floor leader of the “loyal opposition,” and is the minority counterpart to the Speaker.

Question 30

party caucus (or conference)

Answer 30

An assembly of party representatives that chooses a government and discusses major national issues. Party Caucus. A meeting of the members of a political party to decide questions of policy. Party polarization. Indicated by votes in which a majority of voting Democrats oppose a majority of voting Republicans.
sentence; A congressional caucus is a group of members of the United States Congress that meets to pursue common legislative objectives. Formally, caucuses are formed as Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) through the United States House of Representatives and governed under the rules of that chamber.

Question 31

pocket veto

Answer 31

If Congress adjourns during the ten days the president has to consider a bill passed by both houses of Congress, the bill is considered vetoed without the president’s signature.
sentence; Congress can override this type of veto with a two-thirds vote of both of its houses.” “A pocket veto cannot be overridden. It takes place when Congress adjourns during the 10-day period during which the President can return a bill unsigned. By simply not signing the legislation, the pocket veto takes effect.”

Question 32

politico

Answer 32

Role played by elected representatives who act as trustees or as delegates, depending on the issue.
sentence; politico is a media company.

Question 33

pork

Answer 33

A bill introduced by a member of Congress that gives tangible benefits, like a highway or bridge, to constituents in the hopes of winning votes in return.
Sentence; Pork barrel is a metaphor for the appropriation of government spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative’s district. The usage originated in American English. In election campaigns, the term is used in derogatory fashion to attack opponents.

Question 34

president pro tempore

Answer 34

A position created in the Constitution to serve as presiding officer of the Senate in the absence of the vice president.
sentence; A constitutionally recognized officer of the Senate who presides over the chamber in the absence of the vice president. The president pro tempore (or, “president for a time”) is elected by the Senate and is, by custom, the senator of the majority party with the longest record of continuous service.

Question 35

programmatic requests

Answer 35

federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district
sentence; A programmatic request, sometimes referred to as a Member request,

Question 36

reconciliation

Answer 36

A legislative process of the United States Senate intended to allow consideration of a budget bill with debate limited to twenty hours under Senate rules. Reconciliation also exists in the United States House of Representatives, but because the House regularly passes rules that constrain debate and amendment, the process has had a less significant impact on that body.
sentence; Reconciliation is a legislative process of the United States Congress that allows expedited passage of certain budgetary legislation on spending, revenues, and the federal debt limit with a simple majority vote in both the House (218 votes) and Senate

Question 37

redistricting

Answer 37

The redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population
sentence; Redistricting is the period redrawing of legislative district boundaries. The most prominent example of this in the U.S. is the redrawing of districts for the U.S. House of Representatives. House seats are allocated among the states based on census population. … A similar process also takes place for state legislatures.

Question 38

Richard M Nixon

Answer 38

Richard Milhous Nixon was the 37th President of the United States from 1969 until 1974, the only president to resign the office. He had previously served as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961, and prior to that as both a U.S. Representative and Senator from California.

sentence; Nixon’s political career was canceled after the Watergate scandal.

Question 39

select (or special) committee

Answer 39

Temporary committee appointed for specific purpose, such as conducting a special investigation or study.
sentence; some examples of select or special committe are the Senate. Select Committee On Intelligence. Select Committee On Ethics

Question 40

senatorial courtesy

Answer 40

The tradition observed in the Senate in which that body refuses to confirm an appointment to a federal office when the candidate is personally obnoxious to either senator from the candidate’s state.

    sentence; The first known use of senatorial courtesy was in 1884.

Question 41

seniority

Answer 41

the fact or state of being older or higher in position or status than someone else
sentence; The seniority system in Congress is when the people who have served on a committee the longest and have their party in charge automatically become the head of their committees. … They stay in the incumbent’s districts and create a connection between the Congress member and the member’s constituents.

Question 42

Speaker of the House

Answer 42

The constitutionally mandated presiding officer of the House of Representatives. The Speaker is chosen in the caucus of the majority party and is empowered to recognize members to speak on the floor, to rule whether a motion is germane, to assign bills to committee, to appoint House members to select and joint committees, and to appoint the majority members of the Rules Committee.

   sentence; the speaker of the house is paul ryan.

Question 43

standing committee

Answer 43

The permanent committees of each house with the power to report bills.
sentence; In the United States Congress, standing committees are permanent legislative panels established by the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate rules. … For example, the Appropriations Committees recommend legislation to provide budget authority for federal agencies and programs.

Question 44

trustee

Answer 44

Legislators should consider the will of the people but act in ways that they believe are best for the long-term interest of the nation
sentence; In political representation, an instructed delegate is a representative who acts according to the wishes of his constituents, while a trustee exercises his own judgment. … The delegate and trustee models of representation are highly contrasting.

Question 45

unified Government

Answer 45

the same party controls the white house and both houses of congress.
setence; we currently do not have a unified government.

Question 46

veto

Answer 46

a power that allows the President, a Governor or a Mayor to refuse approval of a piece of legislation. Federally a President returns a bill that he did this to to the Congress, generally with a message. Congress can accept this or attempt to override this by a 2/3 majority of those present and voting in both the House and the Senate.
sentence; a preisdnet can veto some bills.

Question 47

War Powers Resolution

Answer 47

The War Powers Resolution requires the President to notify Congress within 48 hours of committing armed forces to military action and forbids armed forces from remaining for more than 60 days, with a further 30-day withdrawal period, without a Congressional authorization for use of military force (AUMF)
sentence; Anyone wishing to argue that the War Powers Resolution of 1973 is unconstitutional must be prepared to explain the purpose of article I, section 8, clause 11, of the Constitution. That provision expressly grants to Congress the power “To declare War.” … It is constitutional because it defines the war power.

Question 48

whip

Answer 48

a senator or representative who helps the party leader stay informed about what party members are thinking, rounds up members when important votes are to be taken, and attempts to keep a nose count on how the voting on controversial issues is likely to go.
sentence; The legislative leader elected by party members holding a minority of seats in the House or the Senate. Term. Whip. Definition. A senator or representative who helps the party leader stay informed about what party members are thinking.