AP GOV CH.5 FLASHCARDS- EDDY RAMIREZ

Question 1

Harriet Tubman

Answer 1

born a slave in maryland in the early 1820s, tubman escaped to freedom and became a conductor on the underground railroad.

Question 2

abolitionist

Answer 2

a supporter, especially in the early nineteenth century, of ending the institution of slavery

Question 3

civil rights

Answer 3

the government-protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals

Question 4

equal protection clause

Answer 4

section of the fourteenth amendment that guarantees that all citizens receive “equal protection of the laws”

Question 5

frederick douglas

Answer 5

a former slave born in the early 1800s who became a leading abolitionist, writer, and suffragist

Question 6

elizabeth cady stanton

Answer 6

leading nineteenth century feminist, suffragist, and abolitionist who, along with lucretia mott, organized the seneca falls convention

Question 7

lucretia mott

Answer 7

leading nineteenth century feminist, suffragist, and abolitionist who, along with elizabeth cady stanton, organized the seneca falls convention

Question 8

seneca falls convention

Answer 8

the first major feminist meeting, held in the New York State in 1848, which produced the historic “declaration of sentiments” calling for equal rights of women

Question 9

dred scott v. sandford (1857)

Answer 9

a supreme court decision that ruled the missouri compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved african americans

Question 10

emmancipation proclamation

Answer 10

president abraham lincoln issued this proclamation on january 1, 1863, in the third year of the civil war. freed the slaves in the united states

Question 11

thirteenth amendment

Answer 11

one of three major amendments ratified after the civil war; specifically bans slavery in the united states

Question 12

fourteenth amendment

Answer 12

one of three major amendments ratified after the civil war; guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all u.s. citizens

Question 13

fifteenth amendment

Answer 13

on of three major amendments ratified after the civil war, specifically enfranchised newly freed male slaves

Question 14

susan b. anthony

Answer 14

nineteenth century feminist, suffragist, and founder of the national women suffrage association with elizabeth cady stanton.

Question 15

civil rights act of 1875

Answer 15

passed by congress to enforce the fourteenth amendment’s guarantees of equal protection to african americans

Question 16

jim crow laws

Answer 16

laws enacted by southern states that required segregation in public schools, theaters, hotels, and other public accommodations

Question 17

poll taxes

Answer 17

taxes levied in many southern states and localities that had to be paid before an eligible voter could cast a ballot

Question 18

grandfather clause

Answer 18

voter qualification provision in many southern states that allowed only those citizens whose grandfathers had voted before reconstruction to vote unless they passed a wealth or literacy test

Question 19

progressive era

Answer 19

a period of widespread activism to reform political, economic, and social ills in the united states

Question 20

plessy v. ferguson

Answer 20

supreme court case that challenged a lousiana statute requiring that railroads provide separate accommodations for blacks and whites

Question 21

separate-but-equal doctrine

Answer 21

the central tenet of the plessy v. ferguson decision that claimed that separate but equal did not violate the constitution.

Question 22

NAACP

Answer 22

an important rights organization founded in 1909 to opppose segregation, racism, and voting rights violations targeted against african americans

Question 23

NAWSA

Answer 23

organization created by joining the national and american woman suffrage associations

Question 24

suffrage movement

Answer 24

The suffragist movement fought for these rights, and the people who were part of that movement were suffragists. The word suffrage means the right to vote in elections. It does not have to do with suffering. In America, the individual states determine who may vote.

Question 25

national woman’s party

Answer 25

The National Woman’s Party was an outgrowth of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, which had been formed in 1913 by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns to fight for women’s suffrage.

Question 26

nineteenth amendment

Answer 26

The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex.

Question 27

NAACP Legal Defense and educational fund

Answer 27

The NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. is a leading United States civil rights organization and law firm based in New York City.

Question 28

thurgood marshall

Answer 28

Thurgood Marshall was an American lawyer, serving as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court’s 96th justice and its first African-American justice.

Question 29

harry s truman

Answer 29

Harry S. Truman was the 33rd president of the United States from 1945 to 1953, succeeding upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt after serving as vice president. He implemented the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy of Western Europe, and established the Truman Doctrine and NATO.

Question 30

brown v. board of education

Answer 30

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that American state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.

Question 31

dwight d. eisenhower

Answer 31

Dwight David “Ike” Eisenhower was an American army general and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, he was a five-star general in the United States Army and served as supreme commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe.

Question 32

rosa parks

Answer 32

Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an American activist in the civil rights movement best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott. The United States Congress has called her “the first lady of civil rights” and “the mother of the freedom movement”

Question 33

martin luther king jr.

Answer 33

DescriptionMartin Luther King Jr. was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968

Question 34

John F. Kennedy

Answer 34

John Fitzgerald “Jack” Kennedy, commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician and journalist who served as the 35th president of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963.

Question 35

civil rights act of 1964

Answer 35

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements, and racial segregation in schools, employment, and public accommodations

Question 36

national organization for women

Answer 36

The National Organization for Women is an American feminist organization founded in 1966. The organization consists of 550 chapters in all 50 U.S. states and in Washington, D.C.

Question 37

eleanor roosevelt

Answer 37

Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was an American political figure, diplomat and activist. She served as the First Lady of the United States from March 4, 1933 to April 12, 1945 during her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s four terms in office, making her the longest serving First Lady of the United States.

Question 38

equal pay act of 1963

Answer 38

The Equal Pay Act of 1963 is a United States labor law amending the Fair Labor Standards Act, aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex (see Gender pay gap). It was signed into law on June 10, 1963, by John F. Kennedy as part of his New Frontier Program.

Question 39

title IX

Answer 39

Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 is a federal law that states: “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.”

Question 40

equal rights amendment

Answer 40

DescriptionThe Equal Rights Amendment is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex. It seeks to end the legal distinctions between men and women in terms of divorce, property, employment, and other matters

Question 41

league of united latin american citizens

Answer 41

The League of United Latin American Citizens is the oldest surviving Latino civil rights organization in the U.S. It was established on February 17, 1929, in Corpus Christi, Texas, largely by Hispanic veterans of World War I who sought to end ethnic discrimination against Latinos in the United States.

Question 42

cesar chavez

Answer 42

Cesar Chavez was an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962.

Question 43

dolores huerta

Answer 43

Dolores Clara Fernández Huerta is an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Cesar Chavez, is a co-founder of the National Farmworkers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers.

Question 44

mexican american legal defense and educational fund

Answer 44

The Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund is a national non-profit civil rights organization formed in 1968 to protect the rights of Latinos in the United States

Question 45

chinese exclusion act

Answer 45

The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers.

Question 46

korematsu v. u.s.

Answer 46

Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of their citizenship

Question 47

lgbt community

Answer 47

The LGBT community or GLBT community, also referred to as the gay community, is a loosely defined grouping of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, LGBT organizations, and subcultures, united by a common culture and social movements. These communities generally celebrate pride, diversity, individuality, and sexuality

Question 48

lawrence v. texas (2003)

Answer 48

Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558, is a landmark civil rights case by the United States Supreme Court. The Court struck down the sodomy law in Texas in a 6–3 decision and, by extension, invalidated sodomy laws in 13 other states, making same-sex sexual activity legal in every U.S. state and territory

Question 49

united states v. windsor (2003)

Answer 49

United States v. Windsor, 570 U.S. 744 (2013), is a landmark civil rights case in which the United States Supreme Court held that restricting U.S. federal interpretation of “marriage” and “spouse” to apply only to opposite-sex unions, by Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), is unconstitutional under the Due

Question 50

obergefell v. hodges (2015)

Answer 50

Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 U.S. ___, is a landmark civil rights case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples by both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Question 51

americans with disabilities act

Answer 51

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability.

Question 52

standards of review

Answer 52

In law, the standard of review is the amount of deference given by one court (or some other appellate tribunal) in reviewing a decision of a lower court or tribunal. … The standard of review may be set by statute or precedent (stare decisis).

Question 53

suspect classifications

Answer 53

In American jurisprudence, a suspect classification is any classification of groups meeting a series of criteria suggesting they are likely the subject of discrimination.

Question 54

strict scrutiny

Answer 54

Strict scrutiny is a form of judicial review that courts use to determine the constitutionality of certain laws.

Question 55

affirmative action

Answer 55

Affirmative action, also known as reservation in India and Nepal, positive discrimination / action in the United Kingdom, and employment equity in Canada and South Africa, is the policy of promoting the education and employment of members of groups that are known to have previously suffered from discrimination.

Question 56

thurgood marshall

Answer 56

Thurgood Marshall was an American lawyer, serving as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court’s 96th justice and its first African-American justice.

Question 57

affirmative action

Answer 57

Affirmative action, also known as reservation in India and Nepal, positive discrimination / action in the United Kingdom, and employment equity in Canada and South Africa, is the policy of promoting the education and employment of members of groups that are known to have previously suffered from discrimination.