Ap Gov CH4

Question 1

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 1

was an American statesman, politician, and lawyer who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the nation through the American Civil War, its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis

Question 2

Abolitionists

Answer 2

a person who favors the abolition of a practice or institution, especially capital punishment or (formerly) slavery.

Question 3

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 3

A series of laws known collectively as the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed by the Federalist Congress in 1798 and signed into law by President Adams. These laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote.

Question 4

Bill of attainder

Answer 4

a legislative act finding a person guilty of treason or felony without a trial, A law that declares a person, without trial, to be guilty of a crime. The state legislatures and Congress are forbidden to pass such acts, Article 1, Sections 9 and 10, of the Constitution.

Question 5

Bill of rights

Answer 5

Part of the Bill of Rights that imposes a number of restriction on the federal government with respect to the civil liberties of the people, including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.

Question 6

Black lives matter

Answer 6

Black Lives Matter is an international activist movement, originating in the African-American community, that campaigns against violence and systemic racism towards black people.

Question 7

Burger court

Answer 7

The US supreme court under Chief Justice Warren Burger (1969- 1986). Though not as activist as the Warren court, the burger court maintained most of the rights expanded by its predecessor and issued important rulings on abortion and sexual discrimination

Question 8

Capital cases

Answer 8

Capital case is a prosecution case for murder in which a jury is asked to decide whether a defendant should be put to death, if found guilty. A prosecutor must charge special circumstances in order to sentence a defendant to death. … Capital case is also called as death penalty case.

Question 9

Civil Liberties

Answer 9

the state of being subject only to laws established for the good of the community, especially with regard to freedom of action and speech

Question 10

Civil rights

Answer 10

Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals. … See also civil rights movement and civil rights policies. equal protection of the laws. Part of the 14th Amendment emphasizing that the laws must provide equivalent “protection” to all people.

Question 11

clear and present danger test

Answer 11

Clear and present danger is a doctrine used to test whether limitations may be placed on First Amendment free speech rights. It was established in the case of Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47 (1919).

Question 12

Dejonge v Oregon 1937

Answer 12

(freedom of assembly, 1st, 14th)
On July 27, 1934, at a meeting held by the Communist Part, Dirk De Jonge addressed the audience regarding jail conditions in the county and a maritime strike in progress in Portland. While the meeting was in progress, police raided it. De Jonge was arrested and charged with violating the State’s criminal syndicalism statute. Held that the 14th Amendment’s due process clause applies to freedom of assembly. The court found that Dirk De Jonge had the right to organize a Communist Party and to speak at its meetings, even though the party advocated industrial or political change in revolution.

Question 13

direct incitement test

Answer 13

Test that holds advocacy of illegal action is protected by the first amendment.

Question 14

double jeopardy

Answer 14

Being tried twice for the same offense (if you appealing, it is not double jeopardy because you are asking to be retried)

Question 15

due process clause

Answer 15

The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution each contain a due process clause. Due process deals with the administration of justice and thus the due process clause acts as a safeguard from arbitrary denial of life, liberty, or property by the government outside the sanction of law.

Question 16

due process rights

Answer 16

Image result for due process rights ap gov definition
Due process is the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person. … When a government harms a person without following the exact course of the law, this constitutes a due process violation, which offends the rule of law.

Question 17

ealr warren

Answer 17

Earl Warren was an American jurist and politician who served as the 14th Chief Justice of the United States and earlier as the 30th Governor of California

Question 18

8th Amendment

Answer 18

Image result for 8th amendment definition
The Eighth Amendment of the Constitution states: ‘Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.’

Question 19

18th Amendment

Answer 19

The Eighteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution established the prohibition of “intoxicating liquors” in the United States. The amendment was proposed by Congress on December 18, 1917, and was ratified by the requisite number of states on January 16, 1919

Question 20

Espionage act

Answer 20

The Espionage Act of 1917 is a United States federal law passed on June 15, 1917, shortly after the U.S. entry into World War I. It has been amended numerous times over the years. It was originally found in Title 50 of the U.S. Code but is now found under Title 18, Crime

Question 21

establishment clause

Answer 21

the clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress

Question 22

Exclusionary rule

Answer 22

a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.

Question 23

ex post facto law

Answer 23

“after the fact.” An ex post facto law is one which makes a particular act illegal, and punishes people who committed that crime before the law was passed, i.e., when the act was legal. “Ex post facto” means “from a thing done afterward” in Latin

Question 24

1st amendment

Answer 24

The First Amendment (Amendment I) to the United States Constitution prevents the government from making laws which respect an establishment of religion, prohibit the free exercise of religion, or abridge the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the right to peaceably assemble, or the right to petition the …

Question 25

4th amendment

Answer 25

The Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution provides that “[t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly …

Question 26

14th amendment

Answer 26

The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments.

Question 27

15th amendment

Answer 27

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal government and each state from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen’s “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”. It was ratified on February 3, 1870, as the third and last of the Reconstruction Amendments

Question 28

fighting words

Answer 28

words expressing an insult, especially of an ethnic, racial, or sexist nature.

Question 29

free exercise clause

Answer 29

Free Exercise Clause refers to the section of the First Amendment italicized here: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof… … When the First Amendment was drafted, it applied only to the U.S. Congress.

Question 30

fundamental freedoms

Answer 30

The fundamental freedoms are freedom of expression, freedom of religion, freedom of thought, freedom of belief, freedom of peaceful assembly and freedom of association.

Question 31

Gitlow v New York 1925

Answer 31

(began incorporation)
Gitlow, a socialist, was arrested for distributing copies of a "left-wing manifesto" that called for the establishment of socialism through strikes and class action of any form. Gitlow was convitec under a state criminal anarchy law, which punished advocating the overthrow of the government by force. The Supreme Court applied protection of free speech to the states through the due process clause of the 14th Amendment. Started the "selective incorporation" approach whereby the Court has selectively incorporated the Bill of Rights to the states.

Question 32

grand jury

Answer 32

a jury, typically of twenty-three people, selected to examine the validity of an accusation before trial.

Question 33

hate speech

Answer 33

abusive or threatening speech or writing that expresses prejudice against a particular group, especially on the basis of race, religion, or sexual orientation.

Question 34

incorporation doctrine

Answer 34

The legal concept under which the Supreme Court has nationalized the Bill of Rights by making most of its provisions applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment

Question 35

Lemon test

Answer 35

Lemon test refers to the process of determining as to when a law has the effect of establishing religion. The Lemon test was formulated by Chief Justice Warren Burger in Lemon v. Kurtzman, 411 U.S. 192 (U.S. 1973). The court in Lemon v.

Question 36

libel

Answer 36

a published false statement that is damaging to a person’s reputation; a written defamation

Question 37

Miranda rights

Answer 37

In the United States, the Miranda warning is a type of notification customarily given by police to criminal suspects in police custody advising them of their right to silence; that is, their right to refuse to answer questions or provide information to law enforcement or other officials.

Question 38

Miranda v Arizona

Answer 38

Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court. In a 5–4 majority, the Court held that both inculpatory and exculpatory statements made in response t

Question 39

Miller v California

Answer 39

Established that community standards be used in determining whether material is obscene in terms of appealing to prurient interest, being patently offensive, and lacking in value.

Question 40

New york times co v Sullivan 1964

Answer 40

Held that statements about public figures are libelous only if made with malice and reckless disregard for the truth.

Question 41

New York Times Co. U.S. 1971

Answer 41

New York Times Co. v. United States, 403 U.S. 713, was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on the First Amendment. The ruling made it possible for The New York Times and The Washington Post newspapers to publish the then-classified Pentagon Papers without risk of government censorship or punishment.

Question 42

9t Amendment

Answer 42

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people

Question 43

Occupy wall street

Answer 43

the purported unfairness of the American economy and the failure of government to do anything about it: diminished job prospects, stagnant or declining living standards, rising economy and wealthy inequality and bailouts and bonuses for corporations and their top executives

Question 44

Planned Parenthood of southeastern Pennsylvania v Casey 1992

Answer 44

Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the constitutionality of several Pennsylvania state statutory provisions regarding abortion was challenged.

Question 45

Prior restraint

Answer 45

judicial suppression of material that would be published or broadcast, on the grounds that it is libelous or harmful. In US law, the First Amendment severely limits the ability of the government to do this.

Question 46

right to privacy

Answer 46

The right to privacy is an element of various legal traditions to restrain governmental and private actions that threaten the privacy of individuals. Over 150 national constitutions mention the right to privacy

Question 47

Roe v. Wade

Answer 47

Established national abortion guidelines; trimester guidelines: no state interference in 1st, state may regulate to protect health of mother in 2nd, state may regulate to protect health of unborn child in 3rd. Inferred from right of privacy. (Not the right to life)

Question 48

Sedition laws

Answer 48

Sedition is overt conduct, such as speech and organization, that tends toward insurrection against the established order. Sedition often includes subversion of a constitution and incitement of discontent towards, or resistance against established authority.

Question 49

Selective incorporation

Answer 49

Selective incorporation is a constitutional doctrine that ensures states cannot enact laws that take away the constitutional rights of American citizens that are enshrined in the Bill of Rights. … At its heart, selective incorporation is about the ability of the federal government to limit the states’ lawmaking powers.

Question 50

September 11th

Answer 50

group of Islamic terrorists, widely believed to be part of the Al Qaeda network, hijacked three commercial airliners in midair, took over the controls, and deliberately crashed them into the Pentagon and the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in Manhattan.

Question 51

6th amendment

Answer 51

A constitutional amendment designed to protect individuals accused of crimes. It includes the right to counsel, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to a speedy and public trial.

Question 52

slander

Answer 52

the action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person’s reputation.

Question 53

substantive due process

Answer 53

In United States constitutional law, substantive due process is a principle allowing courts to protect certain fundamental rights from government interference, even if procedural protections are present or the rights are not specifically mentioned elsewhere in the US Constitution.

Question 54

symbolic speech

Answer 54

Sometimes speech is symbolic or an action. Symbolic speech is conduct that expresses an idea. Although speech is commonly thought of as verbal expression, we are all aware of nonverbal communication. Sit-ins, flag waving, demonstrations, and wearing . . . protest buttons are examples of symbolic speech.

Question 55

10th amendment

Answer 55

The Tenth Amendment, or Amendment X of the United States Constitution is the section of the Bill of Rights that basically says that any power that is not given to the federal government is given to the people or the states.

Question 56

The crown v Zenger 1735

Answer 56

Legal case in the colony of New York that is considered a precursor to free press provisions in the Constitution. The case did not set legal precedent, but did reflect a difference between British authorities and colonists with regard to press freedoms.

Question 57

undue burden test

Answer 57

a means of deciding whether a law that makes it harder for women to seek abortions is constitutional

Question 58

warren court

Answer 58

The US supreme court under Chief Justice Earl Warren (1953-1969); an activist court that expanded the rights of criminal defendants and racial and religious minorities

Question 59

Warren E Burger

Answer 59

Appointed Supreme Court Justice, 1969 A conservative appointed by Nixon, he filled Earl Warren’s liberal spot.

Question 60

Whole Womans Health v hellerstedt 2016

Answer 60

The Court ruled 5-3 that Texas cannot place restrictions on the delivery of abortion services that create an undue burden for women seeking an abortion.

Question 61

writ of habeas corpus

Answer 61

Court orders in which a judge requires authorities to prove that a prisoner is being held lawfully and that allows the prisoner to be freed if the judge is not persuaded by the government’s case. Habeas corpus rights imply that prisoners have a right to know what charges are being made against them.