AP GOV CH.3 FLASHCARDS- Eddy Ramirez

Question 1

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 1

Abraham Lincoln was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

Question 2

Andrew Jackson

Answer 2

Andrew Jackson was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837

Question 3

Barack Obama

Answer 3

Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017.

Question 4

Barron v Baltimore (1833)

Answer 4

is a landmark United States Supreme Court case in 1833, which helped define the concept of federalism in US constitutional law.

Question 5

bill of attainder

Answer 5

A bill of attainder is an act of a legislature declaring a person or group of persons guilty of some crime and punishing them, often without a trial.

Question 6

block grant

Answer 6

a grant from a central government that a local authority can allocate to a wide range of services.

Question 7

Calvin Coolidge

Answer 7

John Calvin Coolidge Jr. was an American politician and the 30th President of the United States

Question 8

categorical grants

Answer 8

Categorical grants, also called conditional grants, are grants issued by the United States Congress which may be spent only for narrowly defined purposes.

Question 9

Civil War

Answer 9

The American Civil War was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The Civil War is the most studied and written about episode in U.S. history.

Question 10

charter

Answer 10

a document, issued by a sovereign or state, outlining the conditions under which a corporation, colony,
city, or other corporate body is organized, and defining its rights and privileges.

Question 11

concurrent powers

Answer 11

are powers in nations with a federal system of government that are shared by both the State and the federal government.

Question 12

Confederate States of America

Answer 12

The Confederate States of America, commonly referred to as the Confederacy and the South, was an unrecognized country in North America that existed from 1861 to 1865.

Question 13

confederation

Answer 13

a form of government in which sovereignty is wholly on the hands of the states and local governments, so the national government is dependent in their will

Question 14

cooperative federalism

Answer 14

Cooperative federalism, also known as marble-cake federalism, is a concept of federalism in which national, state, and local governments interact cooperatively and collectively to solve common problems

Question 15

counties

Answer 15

(in the US) a political and administrative division of a state, providing certain local governmental services.

Question 16

democracy

Answer 16

a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

Question 17

Dillon’s Rule

Answer 17

a municipal government has authority to act only when : (1) the power is granted in the express words of the statute, private act, or charter creating the municipal corporation; (2) the power is necessarily or fairly implied in, or incident to the powers expressly granted

Question 18

Dred Scott v Sandford (1857)

Answer 18

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393, also known as the Dred Scott case or Dred Scott decision, was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on U.S. labor law and constitutional law.

Question 19

dual federalism

Answer 19

also known as layer-cake federalism or divided sovereignty, is a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms

Question 20

enumerated powers

Answer 20

The Enumerated powers of the United States Congress are listed in Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution. In summary, Congress may exercise the powers that the Constitution grants it, subject to the individual rights listed in the Bill of Rights

Question 21

ex post facto law

Answer 21

An ex post facto law is a law that retroactively changes the legal consequences of actions that were committed, or relationships that existed, before the enactment of the law.

Question 22

extradition clause

Answer 22

The Extradition Clause or Interstate Rendition Clause of the United States Constitution is Article IV, Section 2, Clause 2, which provides for the extradition of a criminal back to the state where he or she has committed a crime.

Question 23

federal system

Answer 23

Federalism is the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government with regional governments in a single political system.

Question 24

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Answer 24

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

Question 25

full faith and credit clause

Answer 25

Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, known as the "Full Faith and Credit Clause", addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the "public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state."

Question 26

Gibbons v Ogden (1824)

Answer 26

Gibbons v. Ogden, 22 U.S. 1, was a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

Question 27

Great Society

Answer 27

a domestic program in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson that instituted federally sponsored social welfare programs.

Question 28

Herbert Hoover

Answer 28

Herbert Clark Hoover was an American engineer, businessman and politician who served as the 31st President of the United States from 1929 to 1933 during the Great Depression.

Question 29

implied powers

Answer 29

Implied powers, in the United States, are powers authorized by the Constitution that, while not stated, seem implied by powers that are expressly stated

Question 30

interstate compacts

Answer 30

In the United States of America, an interstate compact is an agreement between two or more states. Article I, Section 10 of the United States Constitution provides that "No State shall, without the Consent of Congress... enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State."

Question 31

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 31

The Iroquois Confederacy was a confederation of Native American Indians which was originally composed of 5 tribes consisting of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca peoples.

Question 32

John C. Calhoun

Answer 32

John Caldwell Calhoun was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina, and the seventh Vice President of the United States from 1825 to 1832.

Question 33

John Marshall

Answer 33

John James Marshall was an American politician who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835.

Question 34

Lyndon B. Johnson

Answer 34

Lyndon Baines Johnson, often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969.

Question 35

Mcculloch v Maryland

Answer 35

McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316, was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States.The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland.

Question 36

monarchy

Answer 36

a form of government with a monarch at the head

Question 37

municipalities

Answer 37

a city or town that has corporate status and local government.

Question 38

New Deal

Answer 38

The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted by liberal Democrats led by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1936. They responded to needs for relief, reform and recovery from the Great Depression.

Question 39

New Federalism

Answer 39

New Federalism is a political philosophy of devolution, or the transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government back to the states.

Question 40

nullification

Answer 40

Nullification, in United States constitutional history, is a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional with respect to the United States Constitution (as opposed to the state's own constitution).

Question 41

oligarchy

Answer 41

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

Question 42

privileges and immunities clause

Answer 42

The Privileges and Immunities Clause prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner. Additionally, a right of interstate travel may plausibly be inferred from the clause.

Question 43

programmatic requests

Answer 43

A programmatic request, sometimes referred to as a Member request, is guidance solicited by the House and Senate appropriations subcommittees from Members of Congress. Programmatic requests function in lieu of earmark requests ever since the outright ban on earmarks in 2011.

Question 44

progressive federalism

Answer 44

Progressive federalism (2009 to present): Claimed as a system by the Obama administration, progressive federalism provides states with greater control over issues previously reserved for the federal government, such as environmental and consumer protection.

Question 45

Reconstruction

Answer 45

The Reconstruction era was the period from 1863 to 1877 in American history.

Question 46

reserved powers

Answer 46

Reserved powers, residual powers, or residuary powers are the powers which are neither prohibited nor explicitly given by law to any organ of government. Such powers, as well as general power of competence, are given because it is impractical to detail in legislation every act allowed to be carried out by the state.

Question 47

Roger B. Taney

Answer 47

Roger Brooke Taney was the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864.

Question 48

Ronald Regan

Answer 48

Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Prior to the presidency, he was a Hollywood actor and trade union leader before serving as the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975.

Question 49

secession

Answer 49

the withdrawal of eleven southern states from the Union in 1860, leading to the Civil War.

Question 50

Seventeenth Amendment

Answer 50

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.

Question 51

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 51

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

Question 52

special district

Answer 52

Special districts are independent, special-purpose governmental units that exist separately from local governments such as county, municipal, and township governments, with substantial administrative and fiscal independence. They are formed to perform a single function or a set of related functions.

Question 53

Tenth Amendment

Answer 53

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Question 54

totalitarianism

Answer 54

a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state.

Question 55

unitary system

Answer 55

A unitary state is a state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government.