AP GOV CH.2 FLASHCARDS- Eddy Ramirez
New world
one of the names used for the majority of Earth’s Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas (including nearby islands such as those of the Caribbean and Bermuda)
Benjamin Franklin
printer whose success as an author led him to take up politics; he helped draw up the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution; he played a major role in the American Revolution and negotiated French support for the colonists
French and Indian War
comprised the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years’ War of 1756–63. It pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France.
mercantilism
the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism.
Samuel Adams
was an American statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States
Stamp Act Congress
was a meeting held between October 7 and 25, 1765, in New York City, consisting of representatives from some of the British colonies in North America
Sons and Daughters of Liberty
They had secret code words, medals, and symbols. Originally formed in response to the Stamp Act, their activities were far more than ceremonial.
Crispus Attucks
was an American stevedore of African and Native American descent, widely regarded as the first person killed in the Boston massacre and thus the first American killed in the American Revolution.
First Continental Congress
was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies who met from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at Carpenters’ Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution.
Lexington and Concord
The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War.
Second Continental Congress
The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting in the spring of 1775 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist and revolutionary.
Common Sense
Common Sense is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775–76 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies.
Thomas Jefferson
was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809
Declaration of Independence
is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776.
social contract theory
In both moral and political philosophy, the social contract is a theory or model that originated during the Age of Enlightenment. Usually, the social contract concerns the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual
political culture
Political culture l culture is thus the manifestation of the psychological and subjective dimensions of politics. A political culture is the product of both the history of a political system and the histories of the members.
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution.
Critical Period
The term Critical Period, coined by John Fiske (philosopher) in 1888 with his book ‘The Critical Period of American History’, refers to the 1780s, a time right after the American Revolution where the future of the newly formed nation was in the balance.
Shays Rebellion
shays’ Rebellion was an armed uprising in Massachusetts, mostly in and around Springfield during 1786 and 1787
Constitutional Convention
The Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia met between May and September of 1787 to address the problems of the weak central government that existed under the Articles of Confederation.
George Washington
George Washington was the first President of the United States, and was among the nation’s Founding Fathers
constitution
a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.
Virginia Plan
a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787.
New Jersey Plan
a proposal for the structure of the United States Government presented by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787.
Great Compromise
an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States
Three-Fifths Compromise
The population of slaves would be counted as three-fifths in total when apportioning Representatives, as well as Presidential electors and taxes. The Three-Fifths Compromise was proposed by James Wilson and Roger Sherman, who were both delegates for the Constitutional Convention of 1787.
Electoral College
The United States Electoral College is a body of electors established by the United States Constitution, constituted every four years for the sole purpose of electing the president and vice president of the United States.
Alexander Hamilton
was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution
Montesquieu
Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French judge, man of letters, and political philosopher.
federalism
Federalism is the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government with regional governments in a single political system.
separation of powers
an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.
checks and balances
counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.
Article I
the U.S. Congress makes the laws for the United States. Congress has two parts,called “Houses,” the House of Representatives and the Senate.
Article 2
the President, Vice-President, Cabinet, and Departments under the Cabinet Secretaries carry out the laws made by Congress.
Article 3
the Supreme Court decides court cases according to US Constitution. The courts under the Supreme Court decide criminal and civil court cases according to the correct federal, state, and local laws.
Article 4
States have the power to make and carry out their own laws.
Article 5
The Constitution can be changed. New amendments can be added to the US Constitution with the approval by a two-thrids vote in each house of Congress (967,281) and three-fourth vote by the states (38).
Article 6
The Constitution and federal laws are higher than state and local laws. All laws must agree with the US Constitution.
Article 7
The Constitution was presented to George Washington and the men at the Constitutional Convention on September 17, 1787, Representatives from twelve out of the thirteen original states signed the Constitution. From September 1787 to July 1788, the states meet, talked about, and finally voted to approve the Constitution.
Enumerated Powers
The Enumerated powers of the United States Congress are listed in Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution.
necessary and proper clause
The Necessary and Proper Clause, also known as the elastic clause, is a clause in Article I,
implied powers
This “Necessary and Proper Clause” (sometimes also called the “Elastic Clause”) grants Congress a set of so-called implied powers—that is, powers not explicitly named in the Constitution but assumed to exist due to their being necessary to implement the expressed powers that are named in Article I.
inherent powers
Inherent powers are those powers that Congress and the president need in order to get the job done right. Although not specified in the Constitution, they are reasonable powers that are a logical part of the powers delegated to Congress and the president.
full faith and credit clause
Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, known as the “Full Faith and Credit Clause”, addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the “public acts, records
supremacy clause
The Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution establishes that the Constitution, federal laws made pursuant to it, and treaties made under its authority, constitute the supreme law of the land
Federalists
The Federalist Party, referred to as the Pro-Administration party until the 3rd United States Congress, was the first American political party. It existed from the early 1790s to 1816
Anti-Federalists
Anti-Federalism refers to a movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution. The previous constitution, called the Articles of Confederation, gave state governments more authority.
James Madison
James Madison Jr. was an American statesman and Founding Father who served as the fourth President of the United States from 1809 to 1817
John Jay
John Jay was an American statesman, Patriot, diplomat, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, negotiator and signatory of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, second Governor of New York, and the first Chief Justice of the United States
The federalist papers
The Federalist is a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym “Publius” to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution.
Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the often bitter 1787–88 battle over ratification of the U.S. Constitution
