AP Gov ch.12 flashcards-Eddy Ramirez
501 (C) group
Nonprofit, tax-exempt groups organized under section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code that can engage in varying amounts of political activity, depending on the type of group.
527 political committees
A 527-organization or 527 group is a type of U.S. tax-exempt organization organized under Section 527 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II is an American attorney and politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017.
Bernie Saunders
Bernard Sanders is an American politician serving as the junior United States Senator from Vermont since 2007
BCRA
The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 is a United States federal law that amended the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974, which regulates the financing of political campaigns. Its chief sponsors were Senators Russ Feingold and John McCain.
campaign consultant
Political consultants sometimes act as political strategists, a senior political consultant who promote the election of certain candidates or the interests of certain groups.
campaign manager
A campaign manager or campaign director is a paid or volunteer individual whose role is to coordinate a political campaign’s operations such as fundraising,
citizens united v fec
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 558 U.S. 310, is a landmark U.S. constitutional law, campaign finance, and corporate law case dealing with regulation of political campaign spending by organizations.
closed primary
A type of direct primary limited to registered party members, who must declare their party affiliation in order to vote.
communications director
Director of communications is a position in both the private and public sectors. A director of communications is responsible for managing and directing an organization’s internal and external communications.
Contrast ad
Advertising on behalf of a candidate that attacks the opponent’s platform or character. Term. Contrast Ad.
conventional political participation
Conventional political participation includes voting, volunteering for a political campaign, making a campaign donation, belonging to activist groups, and serving in public office. Unconventional participation:
crossover voting
In primary elections in the United States, crossover voting refers to a behavior in which voters cast ballots for a party with which they are not traditionally affiliated.
Donald J. Trump
Donald John Trump is the 45th and current President of the United States. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality
elector
a person who has the right to vote in an election.
electorate
all the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election.
Electorate College
The Electoral College consists of 538 electors. A majority of 270 electoral votes is required to elect the President. Your state’s entitled allotment of electors equals the number of members in its Congressional delegation: one for each member in the House of Representatives plus two for your Senators.
FECA
The Federal Employees’ Compensation Act, is a United States federal law, enacted on September 7, 1916. Sponsored by Sen. John W. Kern of Indiana and Rep. Daniel J. McGillicuddy of Maine, it established compensation to federal civil service employees for wages lost due to job-related injuries.
FEC
The Federal Election Commission is an independent regulatory agency whose purpose is to enforce campaign finance law in United States federal elections.
finance chair
The finance committee chair is most often the board treasurer, whose specific duties are usually described in the organization’s by laws.
front-loading
distribute or allocate (costs, effort, etc.) unevenly, with the greater proportion at the beginning of the enterprise or process.
general election
a regular election of candidates for office, as opposed to a primary election.
get-out-the-vote
“Get out the vote” describes efforts aimed at increasing the voter turnout in elections. In countries that do not have or enforce compulsory voting, voter turnout can be low, sometimes even below a third of the eligible voter pool.
HAVA
The Help America Vote Act of 2002, or HAVA, is a United States federal law which passed in the House 357-48 and 92-2 in the Senate and was signed into law by President Bush on October 29, 2002.
Hillary R. Clinton
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton is an American politician, diplomat, lawyer, writer, and public speaker.
incumbency
the holding of an office or the period during which one is held.
independent expenditures
An independent expenditure, in elections in the United States, is a political campaign communication that expressly advocates for the election
initiative
In political science, an initiative is a means by which a petition signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote, in parliament or via a referendum, the latter then being dubbed a Popular initiated Referendum.
inoculation ad
A preemptive advertising tactic in which one party attempts to foresee and neutralize potentially damaging criticism from another party by being the first to confront troublesome issue
mandate
an official order or commission to do something.
matching funds
funds that are set to be paid in equal amount to funds available from other sources.
McCutcheon v FEC
McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission, 572 U.S. 185, is a landmark campaign finance decision of the United States Supreme Court.
mid term election
The general election will decide who controls the Senate and House. In the Senate midterm elections, Democrats hope to win at least two new seats to regain control of the chamber, but their margin for error is slim. A majority of the seats up for election in 2018 are currently held by Democrats.
Negative ad
In political campaigns, an attack ad is an advertisement whose message is designed to wage a personal attack against an opposing candidate or political party in order to gain support for the attacking candidate and attract voters.
open primary
a primary election in which voters are not required to declare party affiliation.
political action committee
(in the US) an organization that raises money privately to influence elections or legislation, especially at the federal level.
Pollster
a person who conducts or analyzes opinion polls.
Positive ad
Out of the many advertising techniques that are currently in use, there are two in particular that stand out – positive and negative advertising
presidential coattails
The tendency for a popular political party leader to attract votes for other candidates of the same party in an election. For example, the party of a victorious presidential candidate will often win many seats in Congress as well; these congressmen are voted into office “on the coattails” of the president.
press secretary
The White House Press Secretary is a senior White House official whose primary responsibility is to act as spokesperson for the executive branch of the United States government administration, especially with regard to the President, senior executives, and policies.
primary election
A primary election is the process by which voters, either the general public (open primary) or members of a political party (closed primary), can indicate their preference for a candidate in an upcoming general election or by-election, thus narrowing the field of candidates.
prospective judgement
retrospective judgement. a voter’s evaluation of the performance of the party in power. prospective judgement. a voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected. electorate.
public funds
Public fund refers to the funds of every political division of a state wherein taxes are levied for public purposes. The term public fund also covers: 1. the revenue or money of a government, state, or municipal corporation
reapportionment
Apportionment is the process by which seats in a legislative body are distributed among administrative divisions entitled to representation.
recall
officially order (someone) to return to a place.
referendum
a general vote by the electorate on a single political question which has been referred to them for a direct decision.
retrospective judgement
retrospective judgement. a voter’s evaluation of the performance of the party in power. prospective judgement. a voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected. electorate.
runoff primary
a second primary election held in some states to decide which of the two highest candidates for an office in the first primary will be awarded the party nomination.
super pac
a type of independent political action committee which may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, and individuals but is not permitted to contribute to or coordinate directly with parties or candidates.
turnout
the number of people attending or taking part in an event, especially the number of people voting in an election.
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Previously, he had been elected the second Vice President of the United States, serving under John Adams from 1797 to 1801.
unconventional political participation
to make the subject of discussion or debate.
voter canvas
to examine in detail specifically : to examine (votes) officially for authenticit
