Ap gov Flashcards
2nd amendment
right to state militia (the people) to bear arms
4th amendment
protection against unreasonable search and seizure.
5th amendment
right to due process/ protection against self-incrimination/protection against double jeopardy/government can’t take your property without paying a fair price for it.
6th amendment
rights of the accused: right to be informed of the charges against you/confront the witness against you/ right to a jury trial/speedy trial/right to an attorney.
8th amendment
protection against excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.
9th amendment
people have other rights not listed here.
10th amendment
anything not specifically written down as a power of the central government is reserved for the states.
13th amendment
abolished slavery and involuntary servitude,
14th amendment
granted citizenship to all persons “born or naturalized in the United States,” makes everyone equal, grants due process at the national level
15th amendment
granted African American men the right to vote.
24th amendment
prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials.
26th amendment
The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote
establishment clause
The federal government cannot establish one base religion. (part of the 1st amendment)
Free exercise clause
Anyone is free to practice whatever religion they wish (1st amendment)
prior restraint
censorship imposed, usually by a government or institution, on expression, that prohibits particular instances of expression
due process
fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen’s entitlement.
equal protection
the idea that a governmental body may not deny people equal protection of its governing laws. (part of the 14th amendment)
Selective Incorporation
a doctrine describing the ability of the federal government to prevent states from enacting laws that violate some of the basic constitutional rights of American citizens.
Miranda Rights
police must advise the suspect that: they have the right to remain silent; (5th amendment)
Exclusionary Rule
a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial. (4th amendment)
Double Jeopardy
prohibits anyone from being prosecuted twice for substantially the same crime. (5th amendment)
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality.
Separate but Equal doctrine
racial segregation did not necessarily violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution,
Civil Rights Act of 1964
prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Title IX
prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in education programs and activities.
Affirmative Action
the practice or policy of favoring individuals belonging to groups regarded as disadvantaged or subject to discrimination.
