Ap Gov

Question 1

Baker v Carr

Answer 1

-1962
- Facts: Tennessee hadn’t redrawn districts, making them unequally representing people

• issue: did the supreme court have jurisdiction over the question of legislative apportionment?
• Baker won; All citizens were not protected against the 14th amendment
  In equal protection law, the supreme court has the authority to rule on ?’s legislative apportionment

Question 2

Shaw v Reno

Answer 2

• 1993
• Facts; Racial gerrymandering, Carolina sending gerrymandering plans that were based on race
• Shaw Won
• Decision; separating voters into different districts based on race is not right,
• Equal protection Law; was violated due to the 14th amendment

Question 3

Discretionary and entitlement spending

Answer 3

• Entitlement programs are mandatory spending, benefits to ppl who qualify by law
  - Social security
  - medicare
• Mandatory spending is the amount left for Discretionary spending
• Discretionary spending; spending for programs @ discretion of congress and pres. Changes no constant

Question 4

Conference Committee

Answer 4

• Members of both champer sit
• When there are differences between the house and senate versions of the bill

Question 5

Standing Committees

Answer 5

• Permanent, divided by policy area
• where the most work gets done

Question 6

Select committees

Answer 6

• Temporary and normal for investigations

Question 7

Gerrymandering

Answer 7

• Redistricting to benefit a specific interest or group of roles
• The census happens every 10 years,
• Redraw boundaries
• Packed districts, drawing lines packing to decrease opponents
• Cracked districts, spread opponents’ votes

Racially Gerrymandering is not allowed

Question 8

Filibuster

Answer 8

• the power of an individual senator to talk/talk to delay a motion or role
• Common in a closely split and deeply divided senate
• To eliminate Fillibuster would be changing the rules of the senate

Question 9

Cloture

Answer 9

ending a debate and calling to vote due to Filibuster

Question 10

Budget Process

Answer 10

1. President proposed budget

    - Congressional Budget and      improvement and control act 

• Process of setting the federal budget
  - Entitlement programs
  - Discretionary spending
  2. Congress Acts
• Congress produces a budget resolution, outlines federal spending
  The House of Senate sets the budget for; departments, agencies, bureaus
• Taxes 6th amendment: instituted a national income tax

Budget surplus: take in more money than it spends

Budget deficit: borrowing money for the foreseeable future

Question 11

House and Senate differences

Answer 11

House
- The lower house (large states appeased)

   - People’s branch 
   - Only branch originally elected by       voters 
    - Elected every 2 years 
     - More inclusive 
     - Strictly structured 

Senate
Upper house ( small states appeased)
-More stable branch
- Elected every 6 years ( staggered ⅓ up for election every 2 yrs)
- Originally selected by state legislatures

17th amendment: replaced state legislatures to direct election

Question 12

Delegate

Answer 12

someone who speaks or acts on behalf of an organization at a meeting or conference between organizations of the same level.

Question 13

Logrolling

Answer 13

• Congress trade votes
• Voting for each other’s legislation

Question 14

Pocket Veto

Answer 14

• 10 days after Congress going to be re-elected,
• the president doesn’t vote on the bill

Question 15

Veto

Answer 15

• President’s ability to veto bills congress proposes
• ⅔ vote can override veto difficult to do

Question 16

Executive Orders

Answer 16

• Policy directives issued by the president
• Orders issued by the President, the force of law has to be followed

Reasoning;
- congress might not pass it, urgent

Question 17

Presidential approval over time

Answer 17

Overtime president rating drop over time

Question 18

Presidents formal Powers

Answer 18

Formal powers stated in the constitution

Commander in chief
- Orders issued by the President, the force of law has to be followed
Reasoning; congress might not pass it, urgent

Commander Executive
Execute laws
Enforce laws
Grant pardons
Nominate judges
Chief legislator
Veto bills
Pocket veto, ten days left with the \’[]
Congress president doesn’t vote on the bill it becomes dead
Override with ⅔ vote

Question 19

Presidents Informal Powers

Answer 19

Informal powers,
- similar to a necessary and proper clause in congress enumerated powers

Executive order
- Orders issued by the President, the force of law has to be followed

Reasoning; congress might not pass it, urgent

Executive Agreements

-International agreements, related to trade

    - Force a treaty 
    - Doesn’t need senate approval 

Executive Privilege
- Claim executive privilege
- Hide information safer for the public not to hear
- National security

Question 20

President’s bully pulpit

Answer 20

Presidential appeals to the public to pressure other branches to support his policies

Question 21

Purpose of state of the union address

Answer 21

• President can initiate executive order
• The power to negotiate/sign treaties that the senate approves of

Question 22

FED 70

Answer 22

1 President is best to ensure the power of protecting the nation from foreign attacks and keeping it safe

Allows the president to act fast, and efficiently, if there were multiple it would be hard to see who is at fault

take longer to make decisions