AP exam 3 Flashcards
The exchange of O2 and CO2 between the air in the lungs and pulmonary capillaries is known as what type of respiration?
External respiration
When there is more CO2 (which turns into H2CO3) in an animal’s blood, does that commonly make the blood more
More acidic (lower pH)
An owner has a bitch who whelped overnight and finds one dead puppy. One way to tell if a dead newborn puppy died in utero vs after it was born puppy is to:
See if it’s lungs float if placed in water
What one single structure ensures food goes into esophagus vs the trachea
Epiglottis
The main muscles of INSPIRATORY breathing is the ——- and the external ——– muscles
diaphragm, Intercostal
What part of the brain controls breathing?
Medulla Oblongata
What structure connects the pharynx to the trachea
Larynx
What controls breathing
Medulla oblongata
Name 4 secondary functions of the respiratory system
Voice, smell, acid-base, temp
Name 2+ functions of the nasal cavity to condition air
Humidify, filter, warm
What structure increases surface area of nasal passage
Turbinates
What is the hardest substance in the body?
Enamel
What structures anchor teeth into alveoli?
Periodontal Ligaments
What term describes the act of grasping food and bringing it into the mouth?
Prehension
A layer of epithelium, the lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae are layers that are part of what part of the GI tract?
Mucosa
The line separating the right & left upper lips of an animal is called what?
Philtrum
What structure separates the rostral oral cavity from the rostral nasal cavity?
Hard Palate
What structure is the main structure that blocks & protects the larynx when an animal is swallowing?
Epiglottis
What is hardest substance in the body
Enamel
What is deglutition
Swallowing
What prevents stomach contents from going back up esophagus
Cardiac Sphincter
What three movements of TMJ
Flex, Extend, Translocation
What kind of teeth do Horses, Lagomorphs, and rodents have?
Hypsodont
What does the Myenteric plexus control?
Peristalsis
What structure prevents food from coming back up into the esophagus from the stomach?
Cardiac Sphincter
What is another name for the secondary reticulorumen contractions in ruminants where methane and carbon dioxide are expelled?
Eructation
The webbed-looking, serous membrane in the abdominal cavity that is extra thick (double-layered), links the stomach to the abdominal wall & other organs, and stores fat is called what?
Omentum
What is the name of acidic, hypertonic food material after it has been in the stomach?
Chyme
What does pepsin help break down?
Proteins
What part of a monogastric stomach is made to expand as the stomach fills with food?
Fundus
True Stomach
Abomasum
Absorbs water and salt
Omasum
Honeycomb appearance
Reticulum
Fermentation takes place in the
Rumen
What enzyme breaks down starches, and where does it first start
Amylase, Saliva (Mouth)
Which phase of secretion starts with anticipation of the meal
Cephalic phase