AP Exam Flashcards
Prefixes for SI units
nano (n) 10^-9
micro (mu) 10^-6
milli (m) 10^-3
centi (c) 10^-2
BASE
kilo (k) 10^3
mega (M) 10^6
giga (G) 10^9
Tera (T) 10^12
velocity
distance / time
average speed
total distance/total time
average acceleration
change in velocity/change in time
instantaneous acceleration from graph
find slope of tangent line from velocity v time graph
slope of position time graph
velocity
area under velocity time graph
displacement
slope of velocity time graph
acceleration
kinematic equations
vf=vi+at
x=vit+1/2at^2
x=vft-1/2at^2
vf^2=vi^2+2ax
x=1/2t(vf-vi)
(projectile motion) there is no acceleration in the
x-direction
Force of Gravity Equation
Fg=G(m1m2/r^2)
G= 6.67x10^-11
Weight Force Equation
Fw=mg
On forces on an incline what do you do with the sin/cos
flip them (sin=x, cos=y)
Force Equation
F=ma
a constant force provides ______
constant acceleration
if acceleration is 0, there is no
net force
apparent weight
magnitude of supporting contact forces
amount of work done depends on ______ and _______
magnitude of F and displacement of system
kinetic energy equation
k=1/2mv^2
spring potential energy
Us= 1/2kx^2
gravitational potential energy
Ug=mgh
Work equation
W=fx=k=u (no friction)
when acceleration is 0, work
is 0
rotational kinetic energy
kr=1/2Iw^2
law of conservation of energy
total initial energy=total final energy
Power equation
E/x=W/t=fv (velocity had to be consant)
unit for power
watt
force and impulse equation
force=p/t
impulse momentum theory
Ft=mv
J=change in momentum
area under force time graph
change in momentum
3 types of collisions
- elastic
2.partially elastic - inelastic
elastic collision
ideal, when things bounce and energy is conserved
partially elastic collision
energy in system is not conserved, hit bounce separate
inelastic collision
run into and stick together, energy is not conserved
momentum is conserved when
no outside force
uniform circular motion makes acceleration directed toward the
center of the circle
_______ is not constant in uniform circular motion
velocity (it is constantly changing directions)
centripetal acceleration equation
a=v^2/r=(2pif)^2r=(2pi/T)^2r
circular motion velocity
v=2(pi)(r)/T
v=2(pi)(r)(f)
in circular motion, net force will either be provided by
tension, friction, or normal force
an orbiting projectile is
in free fall
rotational velocity
theta/time
Angular acceleration
rotational velocity/time
rotational kinematics
ωf=ωI+αt
ωf^2=ωi^2+2αθ
θ=ωit+1/2αt^2
θ=ωft-1/2αt^2
θ=1/2t(ωf+ωi)
Centripetal force equation
Fc=ma=mv^2/r=4pi^2rm/T^2=4pi^2rmf^2
centripetal acceleration
ac=v^2/r
centripetal velocity
v=2pir/T
tangent acceleration
a=rα
tangent velocity
rω
Newton’s law of gravitation equation
Fg=G(m1m2/r^2)
G=
6.67X10^-11
net torque equation
T=Iα
moment of inertia for shell
mr^2
moment of inertia for disk
1/2mr^2
rotational kinetic energy equation
1/2Iω^2
impulse momentum theory for rotational dynamics
Ft=mv
torque(t)=Iω
L=Iω
mechanical wave
a wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through a material medium
transverse wave
a wave in which the particles in the medium move perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels
longitudinal wave
the particles in the medium move parallel to the direction in which the wave travels
linear density equation
mu=m/L
Hooke’s law
Fs=-kx
Nu equation SHM
ν=λf
total energy in SHM
E=1/2kA^2=1/2m ω^2A^2
period for SHM
T=2pi root m/s
frequency for SHM
f=2pi^-1 root k/m
Angular frequency shm
ω=theta/T=2pi/T=2pif
period for a pendulum
T=2pi root l/g
