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AP European History > AP European History Review Definitons > Flashcards

AP European History Review Definitons Flashcards

1
Q

Humanism

A

Human nature/achievement worthy of contemplation

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2
Q

Renaissance

A

Period of change/christian culture combined

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3
Q

Patronage

A

Paying artists to create

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4
Q

Merchant Class

A

Base for italian reniassiance

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5
Q

Core Values of Renaissance

A

Classicism, secularism, well roundedness, individualism, skepticism, humanism

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6
Q

Machiavelli

A

Wrote prince- states that a gov. ruler should do whatever it takes to maintain a strong and stable reign

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7
Q

Medici

A

Wealthy and powerful, patrons of the arts produced 3 popes

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8
Q

Savonarola

A

Dominican friar, called for destruction of art as well as vanities to renew christianity

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9
Q

Guttenberg

A

Invented printing press responsible for the spread of information and education

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10
Q

Michelangelo

A

Had medici influence, sculptor, architect, painter, had perfectionist

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11
Q

Castiglione

A

Humanist published “the courtier” , which described the ideal woman/man thou to rise in the territory

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12
Q

Spanish Inquistition

A

Intended to spread/maintain catholicism, established by Ferdinand 11 and Elisabetha 1

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13
Q

Italian Oligarchy

A

City States that control italy, not united, florence is best example

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14
Q

Concordat of Bologna

A

Treaty with French papracy, Francois 1 recognized supereasy of papacy, in return appoint all priests, saved money

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15
Q

Reformations Attitude toward_____changed.

A

women

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16
Q

Change in Reformation

A

Nun vows of celibacy were against nature (Luther, Zwingli), mutual contract allowed divorce (Protestant), against prostitution

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17
Q

Continuity in the Reformation

A

Women should obedient,below men, happy about their place in life.

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18
Q

Protestant and Catholic Reformations affect_____from 1500 to_____.

A

culture, 1700

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19
Q

(Cause)Protestant Reformation:(effect)

A

caused marriage and law change allowing divorce and for priests/nuns to marry

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20
Q

(Cause)Protestant and Catholic Reformation:(effect)

A

Caused religious violence such as: hapsburg-valois wars(1521-1526), st bartholomew’s massacre (1572)

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21
Q

Iconoclasm

A

Destroying religious images

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22
Q

Protestant views of relationship between church/state

A

a. Church and state had no separation, calvin forming theocracy in Geneva
b. Church and state were separated, Zurich-no special privilege for clergy, city council (secular) taxed them and placed clergy under jurisdiction

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23
Q

30 Year War Turning Points

A

Religious tolerance- protestant/catholic allies
Religion less important than motive for conflict
Military Revolution- Advance in organization, training, army sides doubled
Decline of Habsburg Empire- treaty of augsburg/ peace of westphalia

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24
Q

Encomienda System

A

Conqueror’s right to employ natives/demand tribute

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25
Q

Ptolemy’s Geography

A

Atlas of geographical knowledge in 2nd Century Roman Empire

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26
Q

Mexican Empire

A

(Aztec) Alliance of three city-states, Spanish Conquest

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27
Q

Columbian exchange

A

Exchange of animals, plants, diseases, between new / old world

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28
Q

Inca Empire

A

Spanish Conquest, two largest pre-columbian Empire in America

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29
Q

Conquistador

A

Spanish conquerer

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30
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

Portugal vs. Spain, divided new world

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31
Q

Caravel

A

Sailing ship, Spanish or Portuguese

32
Q

Viceroyalties

A

Mexico pero (spanish division)

33
Q

Middle Passage

A

As many “cargo” that could fit, 20% died

34
Q

Aztecs

A

(Mexica) Spanish conquest

35
Q

Dutch East India Company

A

First global trading company

36
Q

Montezuma

A

Defeated by conquistadors

37
Q

Magellan

A

Portuguese but funded by Spain

38
Q

Columbus

A

Italian but funded by Spain

39
Q

Montezuma

A

Aztec ruler defeated by Hernan Cortes

40
Q

Hernen Cortes

A

Conquistador, invaded Mexico from Spain

41
Q

Genoese/ Venetian

A

Explorer West Atlantic, Asian / Middle East Goods more valuable, fund new world colony trade

42
Q

Portugal/Spain

A

Treaty of Tordesillas, Portugal’s ideal location want to get rich and Muslim Conquest, focused on Africa / Brazil, Spain=conquest, viceroyalties, encomienda system Columbus + Magellan

43
Q

French / English

A

Settled in North America, French were least racist, trade with Indians, Canada and inland down mississippi. English settlements for religious reasons, jamestown, Roanoke, Massachusetts

44
Q

Slavery

A

Transatlantic slave trade, middle passage, dutch west india company, supported economy

45
Q

Columbian Exchange/Globalization

A

Connected to each other, Global Market was internationally trading, Columbian Exchange happen more because of Global Market

46
Q

Impact of Age of Exploration

A

Columbian Exchange, change slavery, settlements, imperialism=colonization worldwide, Africa economy was supported on slave trade alone, diseases spread to natives

47
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Philosopher, believed in absolute monarchy. Social contract-agreement to give up certain rights for a better society.

48
Q

John Locke

A

Natural rights-life, liberty, pursuit of property, empiricism(reasoning that requires evidence through observation), blank slate

49
Q

Voltaire

A

Freedom of speech, deist(god created earth then stepped aside), challenged catholic church

50
Q

Montesquieu

A

Separation of powers, criticized government.

51
Q

Rousseau

A

Social contract, rationalism(objective ruling is destructive), equal rights

52
Q

Beccaria

A

Justice system

53
Q

Louis XIV

A

Absolute monarch, revoked edict of nantes, drained french treasury

54
Q

Jean Baptiste Colbert

A

French minister of finances under Louis XIV, mercantilism(import little, export much)

55
Q

Cardinal Ruchelieu

A

Attacked huguenots, advanced absolutism, subsidized swedes to weaken Habsburgs, then declared war on spain

56
Q

Peace of Westphalia

A

Recognized authority of 300 german princes, ended 30 year war

57
Q

Mercantilism

A

Import little, export much

58
Q

Baroque Art

A

Sponsored by catholic church, depicted drama, victory

59
Q

Thermidorian Reaction

A

Riots in fear of prosecution

60
Q

Estates general

A

Assembly by representing estates

61
Q

Great Fear

A

Peasant riots, caused aristocratic conspiracy

62
Q

Reign of Terror

A

Period of violence after revolution onset

63
Q

Grand Empire

A

Enlarged finances/states conquered by Napoleon

64
Q

Jacobin Club

A

Political group, protest against aristocracy

65
Q

2nd Revolution

A

Paris declares French republic

66
Q

Continental System

A

Policy of Napoleon, French economy

67
Q

Napoleonic code

A

Forbids birth privileges and freedom of religion

68
Q

Declaration fo INdependence

A

America from Britian

69
Q

The Mountain

A

Radical political group opposed girondists, sat on highest assembly

70
Q

Girondist

A

Member of moderate republican party

71
Q

Sans-Culattes

A

Common folk of 18th centruy

72
Q

Three Estates

A

Nobles, clergy, common people

73
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte

A

French military/political conquerer

74
Q

Maximillian Robespierre

A

Radical jacobin ruler

75
Q

Attack on Bastille

A

Mob wanted to revolt but needed weapons, symbolized fight of people vs. king

76
Q

Hundred Days

A

Period between Napoleon’s arrival after exile and return of Louis XVII

77
Q

Versailles Revolution

A

Royal count that symbolized the

AP European History (5 decks)

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