ap euro 1.2 - 1.6 quiz Flashcards
What were the five dominant city-states in Renaissance Italy?
Venice, Florence, Milan, Papal States, Naples.
Which city was the birthplace of the Renaissance, and how did it gain wealth?
Florence, through wool trade and banking, especially for the Catholic Church.
Who ruled Florence and what did Lorenzo de Medici promote?
The Medici family; Lorenzo promoted civic humanism (intellectuals participating in politics for the community).
What are key characteristics of the Renaissance?
Revival of Greek and Roman literature and philosophy, emphasis on humanism, secularism, individualism, and focus on present life.
Who is considered the “father of humanism” and what did he advocate?
Petrarch; he advocated for a new era of classical revival.
What did Baldassare Castiglione and Niccolo Machiavelli write, and what were their focuses?
Castiglione wrote The Courtier (ideal gentleman behavior for social mobility); Machiavelli wrote The Prince (effective rulers during political turmoil).
What was the role of art patrons during the Renaissance?
Patrons like Lorenzo de Medici and popes supported artists, elevating their status and promoting artistic achievements.
What were the main focuses of Italian Renaissance art?
Proportion, anatomy, and perspective; with materials like fresco, tempera, and marble.
How did Italian and Northern Renaissance Humanism differ?
Italian Humanism focused on classical sources and individualism; Northern Humanism merged classical ideas with deep spirituality and Christian values.
Who was Desiderius Erasmus and what did he contribute?
The “Prince of Humanists”; he sought to unite classical ideals with Christian values and created Greek and Latin New Testament translations.
What did Thomas More write and what was it about?
Utopia (1516), depicting an ideal society with education, religious tolerance, and a problem-solving government.
Who developed the printing press and what impact did it have?
Johann Gutenberg; it enabled quick, cheap book production, spreading Renaissance ideas and increasing literacy.
What key technological advancements helped European exploration?
Navigational tools like the compass, caravel, and astrolabe; improved cartography; and military technology like gunpowder, muskets, and cannons.
Define mercantilism and its principles.
Mercantilism is an economic system where a nation’s power depends on wealth, emphasizing bullionism, a favorable balance of trade, naval power, colonial territories, state-regulated trade, and increased manufactured goods.
What were Ferdinand and Isabella’s contributions to the New Monarchy in Spain?
Unified Spain through marriage, excluded nobles from the Royal Council, controlled religion through the Spanish Inquisition, and gained control over the Catholic Church.
